A Vendetta :: English Literature

A VendettaA Short Story will typically contain solo a few characters. The Plotwill usually be concerned with just one theme. These short stories arewritten by a very famous author, Guy de Maupassant. Guy de Maupassantwas born in France in 1850.Maupassant developed to be one of the mostfamous short story writers of all time.In the short story A Vendetta the title is a glimpse into the plotof the story, telling us that that there is a vendetta involved butdoesnt reveal the character of the vendetta and its aims. There are 3main characters in the story, they are, Widow Saverini, Frisky thedog, and Nicolas Ravolati.The story is about, an assassin Nicolas Ravolati kills WidowSaverinis son Antoine during a quarrel and everyplace the dead body of herson Widow Saverini swears vengance. She is unable to sleep until shehas an idea. She trains her dog Frisky to attack a dummy, by starvingher of food and hiding sausage balloon inside the dummys torso. The widowtakes the dog to Nicolas Sardini an hideout and at the widows wordthe dog kills Nicolas Ravolati.The moral of the story is that revenge can become destructive and neurotic if we allow it to do so. Maupassant expresses this moralwhen, In the story he talks about the Widow Saverini being unable tosleep or make ease until she can complete this vendetta of when shesleeps soundly.During this story Guy de Maupassant uses several different literarytechniques to help express his views and to help explain and tell thestory.He uses incarnation when describing the wind and sea on the coastof Bonifacio. He uses the sentence The wind harasses the searemorselessly. The words harasses and remorselessly are bothhuman characteristics it is as if Guy de Maupassant is verbalism the windhas no conscience.Maupassant uses detailed description of the town Bonifacio, wherethe story is set, to get across the brutality and evil to come lateron in the story.He also uses symbolism and imagery like A gash in the cliffs, Thisrepresents the ga shes in the body of Antoine after the firstassassination, as does the fiction used at the start of the story,Patches of whitish foam round the black tips of the countless reefs,look like torn sheets drifting on the surface of the water. This tome is the most important simile in the whole story because it sets themood and the scene of the horrific events to come, to continue thescenery being set as an inhospitable place Maupassant uses the word

Leukaemia :: Health, T-Cell

In a small subset of patients with precursor T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma, thither is t (8 13) consequently, the fibroblast growth doer receptor 1 locus and a zinc finger protein gene are snarly. FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion gene generated by del (4) has also been shown in patients with lymphoblastic leukemias and eosinophilia. However, the exact fundamental mechanism of eosinophilia is not yet known (6-10). The majority of patients with only /Eo are boys with median age of 14. The definite diagnosis of ALL may be retard from several months to even 2 years .This is in some part due to the lack of blasts in circulating blood.The cardio respiratory system is frequently involved in ALL/Eo that may be responsible for a poorer prognosis of this entity compared to the standard ALL (4, 11). It is not uncommon to confront cardiac involvement in leukaemia. Cardio toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs, heart failure and precipitated coronary events are typical examples (12, 13). Moreover, oppor tunistic infections such as fungi may invade the cardiac domiciliate (14). The heart may be directly involved by tumoral infiltration ranging from gross cardiac mess halles to microscopic infiltrations. Myo- pericardial involvement and valvular changes drive home been reported in association with lymphoma and leukaemia,but not early in the disease course(15, 16). There are few numbers of contents with ALL/Eo initially presented with cardiac mass so the best therapeutic regimen in such patients has not yet been defined. L- Asaparaginase should be used cautiously in chemotherapy regimen of ALL/Eo since there are fears of thromboembolic events triggered by synergistic procoagulant effect of this drug and eosinophilia. Ronald S.Go et al reported a case of ALL/Eo treated by L-asparginase based regimen that true fatal deep vein and intracardiac thromboses (17). It is not exactly known when a gross cardiac mass disappears with the beginning of chemotherapy in a patient with ALL/Eo. Ni e YL, et al reported a 17-year old girl with ALL/Eo that was presented initially with congestive heart failure and left ventricular endocardial thrombosis. The thrombosis resolved 8 weeks after chemotherapy (12). Barbaric D, et al reported a 15 year- old boy with ALL who had a large echo dense mass in the salutary ventricle at the time of diagnosis. The mass resolved as early as 5 days after commencing chemotherapy (18). Aissi K, et al reported a case of a 29 year-old man with ALL/Eo who had congestive heart failure at the presentation.

Physics of the Violin :: physics music musical instrument violin

String instruments have been played for much than a gram years. Performance on string instruments has reached a level today that cannot be improved upon, and the feature of instruments built nearly three centuries agone is maintained in the best instrument made today (Allen, 1).The violin is a wooden resonance box that amplifies the soundwaves from the vibrations of the strings stretched across it (Mandy). The most significant for the construct the violin is wood maple used for the back, ribs, and neck) and spruce for the top. People usually uses specific types of wood because those has tight grain, which work ons strong, provide the richer sound. Since tidy sum wanted to take the violin seriously to make and play, they started to learn from the unsuccessful past to improve it. To play the violin with rich sound is necessary to violinist to have technology with the trusted quality of violin. The quality of instruments built nearly 300 years ago. The quality of violin and performance is improved. The natural scientists have undertaken research into string instruments and some string-instrument builders argon now setoff to take advantage of scientific methods of measurement and calculation (Hutchins 1962). The Relation amid the Bow-to-string Pressure and the Moment of Fingers This is show the how the momentum will arrive while people play the violin. When you put down the right hand on the base, each fingers will give a military unit to down. However, the thumb, which put between the band, does give force up. This will happen at the frog of the bow.x distance from fingers to stringP pressurea distance from fingers to the center of gloom of bow (const.)W the weight of the bow (const.) The bow is moved a long at a particular speed by the right hand. frictional forces between the bow and the string alternate between sticking and sliding. And the pressure will occur at the mid-end of bow where it meets the string. As the picture shown, it will be the free-body diagram for bow. The separate of the Violin that make its sound possiblePhysics of the Violin physics music musical instrument violin String instruments have been played for more than a thousand years. Performance on string instruments has reached a level today that cannot be improved upon, and the quality of instruments built nearly three centuries ago is maintained in the best instrument made today (Allen, 1).The violin is a wooden resonance box that amplifies the soundwaves from the vibrations of the strings stretched across it (Mandy). The most material for the construct the violin is wood maple used for the back, ribs, and neck) and spruce for the top. People usually uses specific types of wood because those has tight grain, which makes strong, provide the richer sound. Since people wanted to take the violin seriously to make and play, they started to learn from the unsuccessful past to improve it. To play the violin with rich sound is necessary to violinist to have technology with the certain quality of violin. The quality of instruments built nearly 300 years ago. The quality of violin and performance is improved. The natural scientists have undertaken research into string instruments and some string-instrument builders are now beginning to take advantage of scientific methods of measurement and calculation (Hutchins 1962). The Relation between the Bow-to-string Pressure and the Moment of Fingers This is show the how the momentum will occur while people play the violin. When you put down the right hand on the bow, each fingers will give a force to down. However, the thumb, which put between the band, does give force up. This will happen at the frog of the bow.x distance from fingers to stringP pressurea distance from fingers to the center of gravity of bow (const.)W the weight of the bow (const.) The bow is moved a long at a particular speed by the right hand. Frictional forces between the bow and the string alternate between sticking and sliding. And the pressure will occur at the mid-end of bow where it meets the string. As the picture shown, it will be the free-body diagram for bow. The Parts of the Violin that make its sound possible

Tension In California Politics Essay -- American Government, Proposit

Being part of a nation that is founded on the pillars of democracy, it hearms to make feel to give the people a voice in the governing process. In California as well as different states, the initiative and referendum process is a tool of repoint democracy utilized by the citizens. California allows statutory and underlying initiatives to be placed on the ballot. In a utopian world, direct democracy is an ideal form of governance for it gives the people the power to decide however, direct democracy is an idealistic tool for it gives the ability to create policy and constitutional changes to people who are not knowledgeable of the issue. William Jennings Bryan argues that direct democracy such as the initiative and referendum process does not decrease the importance of the legislative personify nor does it take away the authority of the legislators elected into the legislature. However, it is evident that past propositions had a great impact on the function of the legislature by changing its institutional processes and norms. Through the passage of different initiatives pertaining to the legislature, it is undeniable that the relationship of direct democracy and the California legislature has created tautness in Californian politics. In order to interpret how the tension formed, we must address the changes that the initiatives brought to the legislative system. Addressing the consequence and benefit of the passage of propositions on the legislature is crucial in understanding the formed tension. We must as well address how direct democracy has impeded the function of the legislature. By tackling these issues, we will better understand the tension it created in Californian politics. First, initiatives like any other issues have two sid... ...th the legislative body. The premise that direct democracy has impeded the job of the legislature is evident. We see that the usage of direct democracy has created a tension in California politics. The initiati ve process is not solely used by the citizens but by legislators as well. Tension is created when the job of legislator and the function of the legislature are affected. However, there is lack of tension when the initiative benefits the legislature. The constraint created by the passage of Proposition 13 and 140 contribute to the tension and only reinforces it. Although we see a tension between direct democracy and the California legislature, it does not mean the legislature lost its full authority but rather behind decrease some of it. The legislature cannot lose full authority for the legislative body is an integral part of representative governing.

Comparing Common Characteristics of The Trial and Nausea :: comparison compare contrast essays

Common Characteristics of The Trial and Nausea I am happy I took the opportunity to look Jean-Paul Sartres Nausea and Franz Kafkas The Trial. These novels are considered by many to be two of the definitive works representing Existentialist philosophy. Many other authors have dealt with the subject of existence in the form of a novel, most notably Samuel Beckett (Molloy) and Albert Camus (A Happy Death). Existentialist ideas have even slipped into the works of authors such as Ernest Hemingway and Joseph Heller. The Trial and Nausea have a great number of common characteristics. Obviously, Existentialism is an important theme in both The Trial and Nausea. The background of this philosophy creates a solid foundation on which the novels develop. Both novels contain a high level of absurdity, which is used as a device to clarify common life experiences that are often overlooked. The adorer in each novel is presented in an isolated environment. Each character deals with enormous i nner turmoil while trying to find meaning in his life. Both novels were written in Europe in the late 1930s, at a time when World War II was beginning to invade the lives of Europeans. Hitlers handedness of human minds was most likely a strong influence on the thought processes displayed by the Existentialists. This mode of thought seems a reasonable reaction to the great destruction of individual worth and freedom that takes place at times of war. The conceptions of existence have influenced many writers. A specific school of writers, the Existentialists, chose to focus entirely on unraveling the mysteries of existence. Sartre and Kafka were two of the most influential and famous writers of the Existentialist school. Sartre, in addition to his acclaim as a novelist, received considerable acclaim as a philosopher. Some critics, on the other hand, were strongly opposed to any notion of the Existentialist mode of thinking.

Comparing Common Characteristics of The Trial and Nausea :: comparison compare contrast essays

Common Characteristics of The Trial and sickness I am happy I took the opportunity to explore Jean-Paul Sartres Nausea and Franz Kafkas The Trial. These novels atomic number 18 considered by many to be two of the definitive works representing Existentialist philosophy. Many other authors have dealt with the subdue of existence in the form of a novel, most notably Samuel Beckett (Molloy) and Albert Camus (A Happy Death). Existentialist ideas have even slipped into the works of authors such as Ernest Hemingway and Joseph Heller. The Trial and Nausea have a great number of common characteristics. Obviously, Existentialism is an important theme in both The Trial and Nausea. The background of this philosophy creates a fast(a) foundation on which the novels develop. Both novels contain a high level of absurdity, which is used as a device to clarify common life experiences that are often overlooked. The protagonist in each novel is presented in an isolated environment. Each chara cter deals with enormous inner turmoil while trying to bring out meaning in his life. Both novels were written in Europe in the late 1930s, at a time when World War II was author to invade the lives of Europeans. Hitlers dominance of human minds was most likely a strong influence on the thought processes displayed by the Existentialists. This mode of thought seems a tenable reaction to the massive destruction of individual worth and freedom that takes place at times of war. The conceptions of existence have influenced many writers. A specific check of writers, the Existentialists, chose to focus solely on unraveling the mysteries of existence. Sartre and Kafka were two of the most influential and famous writers of the Existentialist school. Sartre, in addition to his acclaim as a novelist, received sizable acclaim as a philosopher. Some critics, on the other hand, were strongly opposed to any notion of the Existentialist mode of thinking.

Avg Antivirus

AVG thats short forAnti Virus Guard is a PC security package that provides comprehensive bulwark against the latest threats on the internet today. It is supported and trusted by millions of users across the globe. The authors of AVG provide free antivirus and antispyware protection for home users because for them, its a win-win situation you get the protection you need, and they get to know about any viruses you encounter which helps keep the protection comprehensive. Please obtain welcome to take a look at our new(prenominal) articles too, the latest are published in the column to the left- along with the most popular strive writers wanted.How to install AVG Antivirus Step 1. Download AVG You can download AVG FREE byclicking here. When prompted, click the Run button. Notes * Downloading AVG could take several minutes even with a wideband connection, so be patient and make yourself a cup of tea spell you wait. * You are in no way obligated to pay GRISOFT / AVG anything, so you wont need to enter any credit card details or even personal details. But there are other versions of AVG, so if you like it you might consider supporting the companys efforts by purchasing their commercial product. Step 2. Start the InstallationNow that AVG has downloaded, the installation wizard testament start. Your PC might ask you if youre sure you want to run the file, if it does youll need to click Run to confirm. Notes * Youll have a short wait while AVG extracts. Step 3. The Installation Phase Welcome to the AVG Free Setup Program freshman penetrateYouve just entered the Wizard, so click Next. Second screenFor the borrowing Notice, click Accept. Third screenIts a license agreement, read it if you want to, otherwise just click Accept. fourthly screenIts a waiting game Let the installer do its job and wait patiently.Fifth screenStandard or custom installation? Choose Standard, and click Next. Sixth screenActivate your AVG Free License. If the user name isnt your own nam e, change it. Click next. Seventh screenAVG Security Toolbar You may want to install the toolbar if you lambast websites that are questionable, or if others use the PC and you are unable to monitor their usage. The Toolbar will alert you when it thinks a website is a potential threat, the downside is it makes your browser a dapple slower. If you dont want to install it, untick the box. Click Next. Eighth screenSetup SummaryNothing of interest here. Just click Finish. Nineth screenDont fretting about this one, leave it to do its job and go make yourself another cuppa (No picture for this one ) Tenth screenSUCCESS Installation is bed Click OK. NOTE You may have to restart at this point, so be prepared to do so. Step 4. AVG First Run Wizard First screenThe First Run Wizard helps set up AVG to suit your needs. Click Next. Second screenSchedule regular scans and updates Adjust the time to a time that is more convenient. Your computer will need to be switched on to perform a scan.It s also worth noting that you can optionally hinder this scan if your computer is generally slow to perform you can run scans manually whenever you feel the need. Click Next. Third screenHelp us to detect new online threats AVG offer this service free of charge to you and millions of other users, you can help them improve the service by reporting information about potentially malicious websites. If you dont mind AVG knowing which websites you visit, then enabling this feature shouldnt be a problem. Otherwise, you may want to leave it disabled.Click Next. Fourth screenUpdate AVG protection Click Next on this screen, and AVG will perform an update. Fifth screenAVG Update Whilst it is updating, go make yourself another cup of tea Once completed, you can click Next. Sixth screenRegister AVG Anti-Virus Free. Optionally you can register your copy of AVG but there is no obligation, so if you want to you can just click Next. Seventh screenAVG protection configuration is complete Youre do ne, your AVG security software is now fully installed and defend your computer from the evils of the internet.

Education and Fast Growing Society Essay

The co-educational system has always been an issue of great controversy. Its supporters claim that separating boys from girls is altogether unrealistic since schools are supposed to depict society and prepare children to become its active members. On the other hand, those not in favor of it claim fence in that single-sex schools are more(prenominal) effective since they are adapted to each sexs needs and features. There is little doubt that single-sex schools may be more targeted to each sexs traits. For example, boys schools are stricter in order to achieve discipline while girls schools focus on teaching them major principals that will armed service them lead a successful life not only as professionals but also as family leaders later in life. In addition, boys and girls track down to distract each other during the lesson and therefore make it difficult to concentrate.I am of the opinion that co-education has more to offer to the modern society. First of all, single-sex school s are absolutely out-of-date and belong to the past when boys and girls socializing was considered immoral. Nowadays, that both sexes are equal, the mentality of creating and maintaining separate educational facilities is unacceptable. Moreover, having girls and boys in the same environment promotes their competitiveness in a creative way which leads to a high quality learning process. In a final analysis, co-education has proved to be more suitable in state the increasing demands of our fast growing society. Considering how hard women have fought over the years to gain their rights, wouldnt it be unfair to have separate schools?

The Pervasive Impact of Culture on International Negotiations

The pervasive impact of culture on international talkss The primary election purpose of this section is to demonstrate the extent of cultural differences in talks styles and how these differences can cause problems in international business negotiations. The reader will comment that national culture does not determine negotiation behavior. Rather, national culture is one of many factors that influence behavior at the negotiation table, albeit an important one. For example, gender, organisational culture, international experience, industry or regional background can all be important influences as well.Of course, stereotypes of all kinds atomic number 18 dangerous, and international negotiators must pull in to know the people they are working with, not just their culture, country, or company. The material here is based on systematic study of international negotiation behavior over the last three decades in which the negotiation styles of more than 1,500 businesspeople in 17 count ries (21 cultures) were considered. The work involved interviews with experienced executives and participant observations in the field, as well as behavioral science laboratory work including surveys and analyses of videotaped negotiations.The countries studied were Japan, S. Korea, China (Tianjin, Guangzhou, and Hong Kong), Vietnam, Taiwan, the Philippines, Russia, Israel, Norway, the Czech Republic, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Spain, Brazil, Mexico, Canada (English-speakers and French-speakers), and the United States. The countries were chosen because they constitute the Statess nigh important present and future trading partners. Looking broadly across the several cultures, two important lessons stand out. The first is that regional generalizations very often are not correct.For example, Japanese and Korean negotiation styles are quite similar in some ways, but in new(prenominal) ways they could not be more different. The second lesson learned from the research is that Japan is an exceptional place On almost every dimension of negotiation style considered, the Japanese are on or near the end of the scale. For example, the Japanese use the lowest amount of eye contact of the cultures studied. Sometimes, Americans are on the other end. But actually, most of the time Americans are somewhere in the middle. The reader will see this evinced in the data presented in this section.The Japanese approach, however, is most distinct, scour sui generis. Cultural differences cause four kinds of problems in international business negotiations, at the levels of Language Nonverbal behaviors Values Thinking and decision-making processes The order is important the problems glower on the list are more serious because they are more subtle. For example, two negotiators would notice immediately if one were speaking Japanese and the other German. The rootage to the problem may be as simple as hiring an interpreter or talking in a common third language, or it may be as difficult as learning a language.Regardless of the solution, the problem is obvious. Cultural differences in nonverbal behaviors, on the other hand, are almost forever hidden below our awareness. That is to say, in a face-to-face negotiation participants nonverballyand more subtlygive off and take in a bulky deal of information. Some experts argue that this information is more important than verbal information. Almost all this signaling goes on below our levels of consciousness. When the nonverbal signals from foreign partners are different, negotiators are most apt to misinterpret them without even being conscious of the mistake.For example, when a French client consistently interrupts, Americans tend to feel uncomfortable without noticing just why. In this manner, interpersonal friction often colors business relationships, goes undetected, and, consequently, goes uncorrected. Differences in values and thinking and decision-making processes are hidden even deeper and therefore a re even harder to diagnose and therefore cure. These differences are discussed below, starting with language and nonverbal behaviors.

Mankiw Chapter 1 Solution

The answers to the Quick Quizzes arse withal be found near the end of the textbook. 1. The four principles of economical decision making are (1) battalion face trade- finish ups (2) the approach of something is what you give up to get it (3) rational community think at the margin and (4) people respond to incentives. People face trade-offs because to get one thing that they like, they usually go for to give up an otherwise thing that they like. The cost of something is what you give up to get it, non just in terms of pecuniary costs neverthe little all opportunity costs.Rational people think at the margin by taking an action if and only if the borderline benefit exceeds the marginal cost. People respond to incentives because they choose activities by comparing benefits to costs therefore, a change in these benefits or costs may cause their behavior to change. The three principles concerning peoples economic interactions are (1) trade open fire make everyone bump off (2 ) markets are usually a good way to organize economic activity and (3) g all overnments support some ages improve market outcomes.Trade can make everyone cave in off because it allows countries to specialize in what they do best and to enjoy a wider variety of goods and run. Markets are usually a good way to organize economic activity because the invisible hand leads markets to desirable outcomes. Governments can sometimes improve market outcomes because markets may fail to allocate resources expeditiously due to an outwardness or market power.The three principles that describe how the frugality as a whole works are (1) a fields standard of living depends on its ability to produce goods and service (2) prices rise when the government prints too much money and (3) society faces a shortrun trade-off between inflation and unemployment. A countrys standard of living depends largely on the productivity of its workers, which in turn depends on the education of its workers and the a ccess its workers select to the necessary tools and technology. Prices rise when the government prints too much money because to a greater extent(prenominal) money in circulation reduces the value of money, causing inflation.Society faces a short-run trade-off between inflation and unemployment that is only temporary. Policymakers have some short-term ability to exploit this relationship using various policy instruments. 2. 3. Questions for Review 1. Examples of trade-offs include time trade-offs (such as studying one all the samet over a nonher or studying at all compared to engaging in social activities) and expending tradeoffs (such as whether to use your last 15 dollars to obtain a pizza or to buy a study guide for that tough economics course).The opportunity cost of seeing a movie includes the monetary cost of admission plus the time cost of going to the theater and attending the show. The time cost depends on what else you capacity do with that time if it is staying shoes and watching TV, the time cost may be small, further if it is working an bare three hours at your job, the time cost is the money you could have earned. The marginal benefit of a glass of water depends on your circumstances. If you have just 2. 3. Chapter 1/ cristal Principles of Economics 2 un a marathon or you have been walking in the desert sun for three hours, the marginal benefit is very high. But if you have been drinking a lot of liquids recently, the marginal benefit is quite low. The point is that even the necessities of life, like water, do not always have large marginal benefits. 4. Policymakers use up to think closely incentives so they can understand how people ordain respond to the policies they put in place. The texts example of seat belt laws shows that policy actions can have unintended consequences.If incentives matter a lot, they may lead to a very different type of policy for example, some economists have suggested putting knives in steering columns so that people will drive much to a greater extent carefully While this suggestion is silly, it highlights the importance of incentives. Trade among countries is not a game with some losers and some winners because trade can make everyone better off. By allowing specialization, trade between people and trade between countries can improve everyones welfare.The invisible hand of the marketplace represents the idea that even though undivideds and firms are all acting in their own self-interest, prices and the marketplace guide them to do what is good for society as a whole. The two main causes of market failure are externalities and market power. An outwardness is the impact of one persons actions on the well-being of a bystander, such as from pollution or the creation of knowledge. Market power refers to the ability of a single person (or small group of people) to unduly influence market prices, such as in a town with only one well or only one cable television company.In addition, a market frugality also leads to an unequal distribution of income. Productivity is important because a countrys standard of living depends on its ability to produce goods and services. The greater a countrys productivity (the amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a workers time), the greater its standard of living will be. Inflation is an increase in the overall level of prices in the economy. Inflation is caused by increases in the quantity of a nations money.Inflation and unemployment are negatively related in the short run. Thus, reducing inflation entails costs to society in the form of high unemployment in the short run. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Problems and Applications 1. a. A family deciding whether to buy a new car faces a trade-off between the cost of the car and other things they might want to buy. For example, buying the car might mean they must give up going on holiday for the next two categorys. So the legitimate cost of the car is the familys opportun ity cost in terms of what they must give up.For a member of Congress deciding whether to increase spending on national parks, the trade-off is between parks and other spending items or tax cuts. If more money goes into the park system, that may mean less spending on national defense or on the police force. Or, instead of spending more money on the park system, taxes could be reduced. b. Chapter 1/Ten Principles of Economics c. 3 When a company president decides whether to open a new grinder, the decision is based on whether the new factory will increase the firms emoluments compared to other alternatives.For example, the company could upgrade existing equipment or expand existing factories. The bottom line is Which method of expanding production will increase profit the most? In deciding how much to prepare for class, a professor faces a trade-off between the value of improving the quality of the lecture compared to other things she could do with her time, such as working on addit ional research. d. 2. When the benefits of something are psychological, such as going on a vacation, it is not easy to compare benefits to costs to determine if it is worth doing.But there are two ways to think about the benefits. One is to compare the vacation with what you would do in its place. If you did not go on vacation, would you buy something like a new set of golf clubs? Then you can decide if you would rather have the new clubs or the vacation. A second way is to think about how hard you had to work to earn the money to pay for the vacation. You can then decide if the psychological benefits of the vacation were worth the psychological cost of working.If you are thinking of going skiing instead of working at your part-time job, the cost of skiing includes its monetary and time costs, which includes the opportunity cost of the wages you are giving up by not working. If the choice is between skiing and going to the library to study, then the cost of skiing is its monetary an d time costs including the cost of getting lower grades in your courses. If you spend $100 now instead of saving it for a year and earning 5 percent interest, you are giving up the opportunity to spend $105 a year from now.The fact that you have already sunk $5 million is not relevant to your decision anymore, because that money is gone. What matters now is the chance to earn profits at the margin. If you spend another $1 million and can generate sales of $3 million, youll earn $2 million in marginal profit, so you should do so. You are cover to think that the project has muzzy a total of $3 million ($6 million in costs and only $3 million in revenue) and you should not have started it. That is true, but if you do not spend the additional $1 million, you will not have any sales and your bolshyes will be $5 million.So what matters is not the total profit, but the profit you can earn at the margin. In fact, you wouldd pay up to $3 million to complete development any more than that, and you will not be increasing profit at the margin. Harry suggests looking at whether productivity would rise or fall. Productivity is certainly important, since the more productive workers are, the lower the cost per gallon of potion. Ron wants to look at average cost. But both(prenominal) Harry and Ron are missing the other side of the equation? revenue. A firm wants to maximize its profits, so it needs to examine both costs and revenues.Thus, Hermione is right? it is best to examine whether the extra revenue would exceed the extra costs. Hermione is the only one who is thinking at the margin. a. The provision of Social Security benefits lowers an individuals incentive to save for retirement. The benefits provide some level of income to the individual when he or she retires. This means that the individual is not entirely dependent on savings to support consumption through the years in retirement. Since a person gets fewer subsequently-tax Social Security benefits the greater h is or her 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. b.Chapter 1/Ten Principles of Economics earnings are, there is an incentive not to work (or not work as much) after age 65. The more you work, the lower your after-tax Social Security benefits will be. Thus, the taxation of Social Security benefits discourages work effort after age 65. 8. a. b. When welfare recipients have their benefits cut off after two years, they have a greater incentive to find jobs than if their benefits were to last forever. 4 The loss of benefits means that someone who cannot find a job will get no income at all, so the distribution of income will become less equal.But the economy will be more efficient, because welfare recipients have a greater incentive to find jobs. Thus, the change in the law is one that increases efficiency but reduces equity. 9. By specializing in each task, you and your roommate can finish the chores more quickly. If you divided each task equally, it would conduce you more time to cook than it would take your roommate, and it would take him more time to clean than it would take you. By specializing, you reduce the total time spent on chores. Similarly, countries can specialize and trade, making both better off.For example, suppose it takes Spanish workers less time to make clothes than French workers, and French workers can make wine more efficiently than Spanish workers. Then Spain and France can both benefit if Spanish workers produce all the clothes and French workers produce all the wine, and they exchange wine for clothes. 10. a. To produce the right issuing of CDs by the right artists and deliver them to the right people requires an enormous amount of information. You need to know about production techniques and costs in the CD industry. You need to know each persons musical tastes and which artists they want to hear.If you make the wrong decisions, you will be producing too many CDs by artists that people do not want to hear, and not enough by others. Your decisions about CDs wi ll carry over to other decisions. You have to make the right number of CD players for people to use. If you make too many CDs and not enough cassette tapes, people with cassette players will be stuck with CDs they cannot play. The probability of making mistakes is very high. You will also be go about with tough choices about the music industry compared to other parts of the economy.If you produce more sports equipment, you will have fewer resources for making CDs. So all decisions about the economy influence your decisions about CD production. b. 11. Countries that have corrupt police and court systems do not enforce individual property rights, including the rights over the goods and services produced by households and firms. Firms will not choose to produce products and individuals will choose not to work if there is no guarantee that they will receive defrayal for their efforts. Therefore, these countries end up with a lower standard of living. . b. c. d. e. Efficiency The marke t failure comes from the market power of the cable TV firm. Equity Efficiency An externality arises because secondhand smoke harms nonsmokers. Efficiency The market failure occurs because of Standard Oils market power. Equity 12. Chapter 1/Ten Principles of Economics f. 13. a. 5 Efficiency There is an externality because of accidents caused by drunk drivers. If everyone were guaranteed the best wellness care possible, much more of our nations output would be devoted to medical care than is now the case.Would that be efficient? If you believe that doctors have market power and restrict health care to keep their incomes high, you might think efficiency would increase by providing more health care. But more promising, if the government mandated increased spending on health care, the economy would be less efficient because it would give people more health care than they would choose to pay for. From the point of view of equity, if poor people are less likely to have adequate health c are, providing more health care would represent an improvement.Each person would have a more even slice of the economic pie, though the pie would consist of more health care and less of other goods. When workers are laid off, equity considerations argue for the unemployment benefits system to provide them with some income until they can find new jobs. After all, no one plans to be laid off, so unemployment benefits are a form of insurance. But there is an efficiency problem? why work if you can get income for doing nothing? The economy is not operating efficiently if people remain unemployed for a long time, and unemployment benefits encourage unemployment.Thus, there is a trade-off between equity and efficiency. The more generous unemployment benefits are, the less income is lost by an unemployed person, but the more that person is encouraged to remain unemployed. So greater equity reduces efficiency. b. 14. Because average income in the United States has roughly doubled every 35 y ears, we are likely to have a better standard of living than our parents, and a much better standard of living than our grandparents. This is mainly the result of increased productivity, so that an hour of work produces more goods and services than it used to.Thus, incomes have continuously risen over time, as has the standard of living. If Americans save more and it leads to more spending on factories, there will be an increase in production and productivity, because the same number of workers will have more equipment to work with. The benefits from higher productivity will go to both the workers, who will get paid more because they are producing more, and the factory owners, who will get a return on their investments. There is no such thing as a free lunch, however, because when people save more, they are giving up spending. They get higher incomes at the cost of buying fewer goods.To make an intelligent decision about whether to reduce inflation, a policymaker would need to know what causes inflation and unemployment, as well as what determines the trade-off between them. This means that the policymaker needs to understand how households and firms will adjust to a decrease in the money supply. How much will spending decline? How much will firms lower output? Any attempt to reduce inflation will likely lead to higher unemployment in the short run. A policymaker thus faces a trade-off between the benefits of lower inflation compared to the cost of higher unemployment. Answers will vary. 15. 16. 17.

Hospitality Tips for Arab Guests

THE ARAB GUEST The Arab excursion mentality faeces vary considerablely as the Arabian region stretches over a extensive bea encompassing 22 countries from Mauritania in the west to Yemen in the east. As the majority of Arab customers ar from the United Arab Emirates (UAE), consisting of Qatar, Bahrain, Oman and Kuwait, the advice grantn here pertains mainly to this important region. The above-mentioned states lay down in common rapid economic growth due to the large oil and gas reserves.These states have been catapulted from a tribal life to comparative wealth, although Dubai has eer held a signifi hobot role as a trade centre in the Middle East. Tourism in the UAE is booming, and luxuries, the newest technologies and excellent at melt down have become the norm. No wonder and so that the most expensive and luxurious hotel in the world, the Burj al Arab, is in Dubai. as under(a) from hold backing sole(prenominal)ly furnished hotels, Arab guests too expect respect and tolerance for their lifestyle. To the majority of Arabs, Islamic rules be the foundation of insouciant life. Courteous and attentive service is a prerequisite. 1.Tolerance and Sensitivity Personal recommendations and networking between Arab families argon of the utmost importance and recommendations by acquaintances argon given more obey than extravagant advertising brochures. The chance of winning over the Arab market through a few families is therefore very(prenominal)(prenominal) high, scarce at the same time, a single mishap by an employee can ruin the re positionation of an entire hotel. Family aw beness is highly regarded in the Arab region. Unlike in the West, the family is the basic social unit, non the individual. In Arab society the weak are respected and protected, and the elderly are al meanss afforded special respect.Arabs behave in a reserved manner towards Europeans and react very sensitively to a lack of respect and intolerance. To avoid such conflicts, a esthesia and empathy are of great importance. 2. Travel The majority of Arabs trigger with their entire families. Individual tourists and commerce excursionlers are quiet down in the minority, although this is slowly changing. Only anthropoid passlers leave alone travel alone. Arab travellers are normally well-to-do. They are use to being looked after and practi invitey buy themselves certain freedoms using their substantial economic means.Despite their buying power, unless, prices are no longsighteder simply paid comparisons are befool, especially when it comes to hotel accommodation. To do this they are using the internet more and more. The main reasonablenesss for travel are business trips, assures to conferences and exhibitions and medical examination visits. Medical trips are most a lot on a lower floor apportionn by guests from the UAE as their medical schemes pay for hospital stays, drinks (non-alcoholic) and laundry. Medical checks are often combined with fam ily holidays. hand overd as partition of the benefits of membership of mantlepiece Town Tourism. For more nurture visit www. apetown. travel/industry, call +27 (0)21 487 6800 or email emailprotected travel Another reason for travel is to escape the summer heat and for the sake of children, who are highly regarded, with many an(prenominal) trips being undertaken purely for their sake and to visit theme parks and condescend for toys. 3. Travel Structure and Duration The main travel season is between June and September. Family groups can number up to 60 people during this time. Depending on the rank of the Arab, nannies, secretaries and drivers are often part of the entourage, which makes it difficult to establish an average group size.Ten people per family are an approximate starting point. The duration of trips varies from case to case, but is in the main some(prenominal)(prenominal) weeks. 4. Holiday Mentality It is not the norm in Arab states to have to ask for service, nor to thank for services received. Excellent service is expected and a given. Most Arab guests are highly educated and well travelled. They are therefore often seen as demanding. Flexibility and tolerance of their special prays is therefore a mustiness. For example, Arab guests pass on expect the restaurant times to be adjusted to their quotidian routine or for room service and room cleaning services to be individually scheduled.Taking time to organise individualal relationships between the hosts and the guests is such(prenominal)(prenominal) appreciated. Business and personal relationships are not strictly separated. The Arab guest prefers a designated conflict partner that ensures his wishes and interests are looked after, and that keeps up wicked conversation. These contacts do not necessarily need to be able to speak Arabic. Often this is stock-still seen as a benefit, as it protects their privacy if the contact cannot at work eachthing discussed. It is not unusual for the younger generation to be fluent in face.Guests from North Africa generally speak French as their second language. Arab women completely cover in black robes are still an oddity to most Europeans. However, the social standing of women ranges between strictly Muslim and emancipated. The rules laid out in the Koran guarantee her that she will be looked after her entire life. In return, she must acknowledge the mans authority in society, the family and in marriage. The tiring of covers was long seen as a sign of high social prestige. Only women of high standing were allowed to wear them slaves and dancers were forbidden to do this, under threat of punishment.Today the veil signifies a close affinity to Islam and is a sign of the honorable life of the wearer. Advances by men are not tolerated. Hoteliers must be prepared for the solicit area to occasionally look like a bazaar. In an effort to strengthen their relationships Arab guests will meet there, drink tea, smoke and if permitted in addition their hubbly bubblies. 5. Information and interlocking Behaviour Prior to travel the normal booking procedures (internet, advertising, travel agents and agents specialising in medical trips) are checked for prices, availability and decor, special services etc.For guests travelling for medical reasons, topical anaesthetic embassies and consulates often take care of these issues. Close contacts with these are therefore of benefit. Often guests book hotels only to then compare offers and prices with other hotels once in the country. Should the hotel booked not live up to their timeworns and expectations, they Provided as part of the benefits of membership of Cape Town Tourism. For more information visit www. capetown. travel/industry, call +27 (0)21 487 6800 or email emailprotected travel will relocate.Reception cater can tinker a decisive role in this decision. Although low prices and rebates are important, negotiations seldom take place. Representatives of a group are often sent ahead. More often than not however these days, guests arrive without having booked at all. Because guests are not under any time constraints, the departure date is often left- excrete(a) open. This fact should always be taken into account and dealt with flexibly. When bookings are made, babies up to three geezerhood old are not mentioned as they are not seen as children. This often leads to confusion on check-in.A point should therefore be made to specifically ask about babies accompanying the group. When a booking is made, the hierarchy (family, drivers, nannies etc), who will be footing the bill, as well as the individual family members names must be established. For long stays, the billing should be clarified at the start, especially when guests are travelling for medical reasons. The health department of the country of credit line often covers the accommodation, F&B and laundry. Bookings are often made using the prefix El or Al, a type of royal title, which however is left off on stretch or when telephoning.This often leads to irritations and misunderstandings, which is why this fact should be remembered from the outset. It is alike recommended that families from various regions are separated from one another. A tidy option is to inform guests of the Arabic origins of the other guests. Rooms should always be in quiet areas where no lingering smells are present. There are also often requests for inhabit with connecting doors. Should this request not be made, family room should be situated close to one another on the same floor. 6. Travel issue The main interests are sight-seeing, casino visits and outings with/for children.Shopping is also very popular, which is why hotels should always have shopping tips at hand. Addresses for oversized clothing should also be included. Apart from shopping, excursions into nature, especially the mountains and such, are enjoyed. Sports events are also favourite pastimes this includes soccer , which is becoming increasingly popular, horseracing, golf and motor racing. 7. Communication Because the majority of Arab guests are able to speak English well, communication problems are rare. Should the older members of a group not be fluent in English, the younger ones do the translating.Children often speak English surprisingly well. When it comes to negotiations or relationship building, Arabs use very descriptive language combined with many gestures. Instead of coming to the point they use longwinded descriptions. So as not to come across as disrespectful or uninterested, it is advisable to take time and to adapt ones way of expression as much as possible. It is most important not to decline a guests request too bluntly. This ensures that neither party loses face. The wording I will try my best or suggesting an alternative to the request are often very helpful.But under no circumstances should a promise be made that cannot be kept. Provided as part of the benefits of members hip of Cape Town Tourism. For more information visit www. capetown. travel/industry, call +27 (0)21 487 6800 or email emailprotected travel Honesty is a virtue this saying is interpreted very differently in various countries. Because Arabs are so relationship orientated and take heed of harmonies and friendships, it is still considered being honest when unpleasant subjects are simply ignored and positives stressed.Arabs will always be able to fish out the truth in a conversation. In contrast to Europeans, Arabs find it insulting to ignore people that walk into a conversation. Making them wait or even ignoring them must be avoided at all costs, even if one just politely acknowledges the guest and advises him that he will be attended to shortly. Interpersonal relationships have a much higher priority than does time-keeping. This is why Arab guests cannot understand it when no time is taken to have an in-depth discussion. Even unimportant subjects offer the opportunity to build trust a nd understanding.Therefore, when under time constraints, quite discerningly and reassuringly promise the guest a chat at a later stage. Arabs always expect offshoot-class service/performance, and requests therefore often come across as being demanding. Diplomacy and tolerance are therefore advisable. In addition, absolute punctuality and dependability are expected from the hotel. It is advisable to regularly question the guest on his/her satisfaction. Should there at any time be a problem, e. g. the behaviour of children, this must be addressed privately, with the groups representative. Under no circumstances should the head of the party be confronted or called. . 1 Topics of Conversation A sure way to win the affection and loyalty of an Arab guest is the enquiry into the wellbeing of his family, especially that of the male members. Enquiries about the female person members could be misconstrued and are to be avoided. It would be of great benefit to the hotel contact person to h ave background information on the family ties of guests. It is therefore vital to keep a guest file containing all the pertinent up-to-date details. Topics to be avoided are religion and politics, although being knowledgeable about Islamic religion is a sign of respect. This should however not be shown off.The topical anaesthetic customs and way of life are interesting topics and offer much to talk about. Most Arabs are pleased by declarations of friendship. In addition, substantiated acknowledgment of their expert advances, art and social security systems helps to reduce olfactory perceptions of mistrust and is generally appreciated. They also mensurate acknowledgements for the cultural achievements in their respective countries. Positive comments on the high standard of tourism in the Gulf States are also appreciated. Humour is a very difficult thing to transfer across cultural lines and should be employ cautiously.Translations of amusing sayings often lose their amusement v alue and are not easily understood. Sarcasm and irony are to be avoided unless one knows the other person very well. 7. 2 Non-verbal Communication To begin with some Arab guests may come across as being reserved and sometimes even uninterested. Countering this with a grinning helps make the guest feel respected and delicious. Ignoring a guest is interpreted as an insult. As an Arab saying goes Kill me, but dont give me a funny look Provided as part of the benefits of membership of Cape Town Tourism. For more information visit www. capetown. ravel/industry, call +27 (0)21 487 6800 or email emailprotected travel Arab women will generally avoid any center contact with male mental faculty. Eye contact between women however is not an issue. A male staff member should therefore avoid eye contact with a female guest and should never try to force it. Should a cleaning woman ask a question, the male companion is addressed unless the woman actively seeks eye contact. Between men, howeve r, direct and intense eye contact is highly regarded. Arabs generally have smaller personal comfort zones than Europeans. During conversations it is customary to feel the speakers breath.Europeans who keep their normal personal distance could therefore evoke the feeling that their presence is felt as repulsive. Pointing fingers at persons is also seen as very impolite. Should one be unsure about how to behave when dealing with Arab guests, the best advice is to rather be too reserved rather than forceful. 7. 3 Guest Complaints As with all guests, voicing of complaints depends very much on the personality of the person. Should complaints arise these are brought up by the familys vocalization (interpreter), rather than the head of the family or his wife.It is therefore important to establish a good relationship, based on trust, with the spokesperson. The spokesperson should also be given a few names of people in authority, who are able to make quick decisions that are followed throug h. This has the benefit that quite of discussing problems with other guests/families, the spokesperson can approach the hotel without delay to sort matters out. This is also important as families stay for long periods and tend to develop contacts with other families. with direct communication the escalation of a problem can therefore be avoided.Even though women are taking up more and more managerial roles, gravel shows that Arab guests still prefer addressing complaints with male employees. Even if a guest becomes loud and angry, it is important to stay calm. A good tactic is to remove the guest from the familiar area and discuss the matter over a cup of tea. Complaints are always to be seen as a chance to improve service. 8. HOTEL 8. 1 selection of Hotel Luxury is not the deciding factor when it comes to choosing a hotel. A certain standard is definitely expected, but the proximity to shopping centres or supermarkets and the hotels melodic line are more important.Medical che cks are often the reason for visits, so the proximity to clinics can be a deciding factor in such a case. Should the hotel not be ideally situated, a limousine service could be considered. Instead of city hotels, smaller, family hotels are becoming more and more popular. As consideration is a deciding factor, hotels with a family atmosphere are preferred. 8. 2 Greeting and Check-In The recognize is the first, all-important impression a guest gets. On arrival guests want to feel welcomed and respected. An Arab saying goes A look can kill quicker than a sword To counter this, a smile or even an Arab greeting can make a big difference. Even though Provided as part of the benefits of membership of Cape Town Tourism. For more information visit www. capetown. travel/industry, call +27 (0)21 487 6800 or email emailprotected travel direct communication might not be possible, the effort is seen as a intimate gesture, which in turn will leave a positive memory. Greetings are so important i n Arab society that they have taken on an closely ritualistic character. Even when staff are under pressure, they should always stay calm and take their time with this greeting ceremony.Arab men should be respectfully approached, and then one should await their response. Some greet by shaking hands, others do not. Most Arabs however find handshaking strange, and should it take place, only the right hand is to be offered, as the left is considered greasy. Arab men greet each other in a variety of ways, either with their noses, their shoulders or by hand. well-known acquaintances of the same gender also exchange three kisses on the cheeks. It is customary to greet the highest-ranking person first. Ladies are unremarkably not greeted by hand a greeting is merely implied (hinted at).European women may offer their hand in greeting. When it comes to money, however, this should be dealt with by a male. Especially the older Arab generations find it difficult to deal with female staff. R eception should always have the times for sunrise and sunset handy, as these are important for prayer times. Times can be requested from the local mosques. Prayers are said five times a day, facing the direction of Mecca. It is therefore of the utmost importance that the guest knows where Mecca lies. To assist with this, stickers can be put on the windowsills advising the direction of Mecca.Some hotels even offer compasses or instruct their staff gibely. The addresses of embassies and Arabic-speaking doctors should also be at hand and are regularly asked for. These can be given with the welcome letter. Further information that is often requested is recommendations on Arabic, Persian or Lebanese restaurants, limousine rental companies or Arabic-speaking guides. For Arabs the weekend starts on Fridays, and Sundays are a normal working day. Although Arabs generally value a calm and relaxed atmosphere, the check-in should proceed speedily.This is especially important for the women and children who have been travelling for many hours. On arrival the guest will want to inspect and choose from several rooms to ensure that they meet his expectations and those of his family members. The category booked by the labor organizer should however not be changed. Special wishes are often only requested on check-in. Staff should therefore be flexible. Even after several visits to a hotel the special requests may vary from visit to visit, which is why requests from previous years should be clarified before implementation. Due to the long duration of stay, many hotels insist on weekly billing.Should this be the case, the guest must be advised of this on check-in. Financial matters must however be dealt with tactfully so as to avoid giving the impression of mistrust. When luggage is taken to the room the porter should always leave the door open and leave the room as quickly as possible. The ladies in the party will often wait outside the room until the porter has left. To wait f or a tip is seen as rude. Arab guests tend to occupy rooms in big groups. To check the number of guests in a room it is helpful to consult with the housekeeper, as she is in charge of the daily cleaning of rooms.Guests also like to change rooms amongst themselves and the spokesperson of the group should therefore be consulted to clarify the room occupancies. Nonetheless, Provided as part of the benefits of membership of Cape Town Tourism. For more information visit www. capetown. travel/industry, call +27 (0)21 487 6800 or email emailprotected travel guests are usually quite cooperative should line of work issues arise. Arabic guests often leave their room doors open or unlocked. It is therefore advised that guests should be informed in writing about the hotels liability indemnity in cases of theft from the rooms.The issuing of house rules in Arabic is seen as an insult, but should this be a standard, these rules should also be laid out in English and another common language if po ssible. A friendly welcome letter, which politely requests the adherence to certain rules, will usually be readily accepted. 8. 3 Hotel Interiors/Furnishings Children occupy a very important status in Arabic countries and if possible, designated areas should be set aside for them. A playroom furnished with billiard tables, figurer games etc. is a good idea.The venue should be in an area of the hotel where noise knock overance would be at a minimum and where children can play until late at night. Due to the fact that Arab children are only used to their local foods, it often happens that foods will be heated up in their hotel rooms. This can be prevented by including Arabic foods on the menu. Nannies travelling with children have a purely supervisory and chaperoning function, they are not entitled to reprimand or discipline. Should it be possible, the hotel could offer activity and entertainment programmes for the children to keep them in check.Reception should also advise the nanni es of the quickest route to the nearest playground or park. Security is an important flavor for Arabic travellers as the man carries the responsibility for the entire family. The presence of security personnel and/or cameras in the passages is positively met. Airconditioning is an absolute must and is seen as a non-negotiable standard. Religion being an integral part of Arab life, guests pray five times a day. A designated prayer room would therefore be appreciated. This room can be very basic, e. g. an empty conference room or guest room in which prayer mats can be spread out.Prayer mats are usually brought along, but some hotels also offer these for loan. It is also seen as polite to remove any items connected to other religions. Arab women appreciate pool times designated for their exclusive use, with only female staff on duty, should this be required. The standard swimwear worn by ladies is leggings and t-shirts. European swimwear is seldom worn. 8. 4 Room Furnishings Although Arab guests are usually quite good at speaking English, signage in Arabic clarifies any uncertainties and helps to make the guest feel welcomed.The room service menu should definitely be translated and guest service directories in Arabic, as well as a welcome letter in that language, will leave a lasting impression. Guest rooms should be as spacious as possible, as Arabs are used to having a lot of space. Big rooms, preferably suites, are expected. Should no connecting doors between rooms be getable, rooms should at least be adjacent to one another. Big beds are also preferred (king and queen size), and baby cots are also often requested. Cooking facilities in rooms are also welcomed, as baby milk can be warmed and water boiled for tea.Many guests do not like ordering room service too often, and should cooking facilities not be available, at least a kettle could be offered as an alternative. Provided as part of the benefits of membership of Cape Town Tourism. For more information v isit www. capetown. travel/industry, call +27 (0)21 487 6800 or email emailprotected travel Arabic TV channels should be available suggestions are Al-Jazeera and Nile, which are both available via satellite. Video recorders and DVD players are also an ideal service to make available. Arabic news make-ups are a must, as the need for up-to-date information is high.A welcome letter in the room which not only greets the guest but also conveys detailed information on the hotel and its services is much appreciated. Small welcome gifts such as growth, figs, nuts, biscuits, cakes and alcohol-free chocolates are popular. As the Do not disturb sign is often left out during the day, good communication between room service and housekeeping is vital. Small gifts for children e. g. chocolate are very important. Arab guests greatly appreciate finding big bottles of still mineral water in their rooms on arrival. These are especially enjoyed by the children after a long trip.Only still water is dru nk and internationally known brands are preferred to the local ones. It should be noted that Muslims are prohibited from drinking alcohol, but that not all Arabs are Muslims. In addition, this prohibition is do by in a more relaxed manner when in Europe. Alcohol need only be outside from rooms on request or after enquiry from the hotel or when children accompany adults. moibars are usually weeed shortly after arrival anyhow to accommodate water bottles. The stocking of the minibar can be discussed on arrival. As appliances are often brought along, adapters and cables should be available on request. . 5 Bathrooms Arab guests will request a large number of bath towels on a daily home. This is due to the fact that the entire body must be cleansed prior to every prayer session. A towel is never used twice, which is why the usage is so high. In addition, it is regarded as unhygienic to only use toilet paper after visiting the toilet. Arabian custom dictates that one also uses water to clean oneself, which is done with the left hand. This is why their toilets are fitted with a water spraying facility. Seeing that standard toilets are not fitted with this device, a towel is then used to clean the left hand.Naturally the towel is immediately given in to be laundered. Some adults try to adjust to the strange European habit, but this can not be expected from children. Due to the unpleasant smell of these towels Arabs are often labelled as being unhygienic, which couldnt be further from the truth. Even though towels are immediately sent to be laundered, the provision of white towels is not necessarily doing them a favour. In addition, guests should also be able to make use of a laundry facility. As children often run somewhat barefoot, towels are laid out in the bathrooms to avoid them becoming ill due to the unfamiliar temperatures. . 6 Daily Routine Because of the high daytime temperatures in the Arab region, Arabs tend to be more active during the evening hours . Their daily routine has adjusted accordingly. It is therefore suggested that cleaning routines for rooms are objectned according to individual guests. It is also advisable to allocate more time for the cleaning of rooms than Provided as part of the benefits of membership of Cape Town Tourism. For more information visit www. capetown. travel/industry, call +27 (0)21 487 6800 or email emailprotected travel usual.Complaints might be received because cleaning staff, for insurance reasons, are not permitted to move items lying around in order to clean the room. The reason for the non-tidying should be explained in a friendly and tactful manner. To avoid unnecessary conflicts it is recommended that enough female cleaning staff are at hand to adhere to the strict gender segregation. It is however often difficult to get access to rooms due to the Do not disturb sign being out. It is therefore advisable to inform the guests well in advance as to when cleaning is scheduled. 9.Eating Habits The provision of appropriate foods can be a potential area of conflict. Hotels often react negatively to the delivery of food from external sources, or the cooking of foods in the room. There are however several reasons for Arab guests not being able to go without their familiar foods The length of their stays is often much greater than that of other guests, which is why familiar tastes are missed. In addition, children accompanying adults cannot be expected to adapt. Also, the quality of many exotic fruits is not comparable to that of their home country, which is why special products are often flown in.Not to be forgotten is the fact that the Muslim religion prescribes certain rules when it comes to food and drink, i. e. no pork or alcohol may be consumed, nor any other elate substances. Meat must always be well done as the Koran prohibits the consumption of blood. Many Muslims also insist on meat having been slaughtered according to Islamic rites. Arabic eating habits also vary greatly from those of European cultures. Although European foods are readily tried, Arabic foods are definitely preferred. If possible, Arabic, Turkish or Libyan chefs should therefore be brought in.Some hotels even allow the guests own chefs to use the hotel kitchen. The breakfast times stipulated in hotels often do not fit into the daily routine of Arabs, who usually take breakfast between 10h00 and noon. The foods on offer in hotels however are more than sufficient to cover the guests needs. Great value is placed on a variety of fruits and fruit juices. Beware Children often go to breakfast unaccompanied by parents. It is therefore vital to make it clear which cold meats/foods contain pork, to avoid children eating these forbidden foods. Dinner is usually taken between 21h00 and 23h00 and is say from room service.Enough staff should therefore always be at hand. Choices should include Arabic dishes, menus should be translated and the various dishes should be numbered to avoid any miscommunication. Should the hotel wish to limit guests from going out for meals or ordering in, it would be advisable to adjust themselves to the Arabic habits. Some hotels offer Arabic buffets in separate rooms or in a section of the restaurant. Others do not cater for the guests needs and have an agreement allowing the guests to order in, but charge a corkage fee for this privilege.Should the guests make use of the restaurant, children should be especially well treated and served. Arabic guests go to eat not because the adults are hungry, but because the Provided as part of the benefits of membership of Cape Town Tourism. For more information visit www. capetown. travel/industry, call +27 (0)21 487 6800 or email emailprotected travel children are hungry. Due to the fact that children are often neglected in restaurants, parents prefer going to Arabic or Lebanese restaurants. 9. 1 Etiquette during meals Despite rumours, Arabic guests do not sit on the floor to eat.This is only don e when the table is covered by brochures or is too small. There is fine talking during meals, meaning that the noise disturbance is minimal. A small amount of the main meal is always left on the plate, after which dessert and coffee is quickly consumed. It is a sign of politeness to at least try every dish, even if one is not hungry. Eating only commences once the head of the table opens the meal with the words Bismillah (in the name of Allah). Everyone helps themselves, and it is an unwritten law that one eats the most from the dish directly in front of one.The host will always ensure that these are the best dishes. After dinner, when coffee is served, only three small cups are consumed, as more would be considered impolite. One can however indicate beforehand when one has had enough, otherwise replenishment will be done without asking. The signal for this in the Middle East is to quickly wave the cup from left to right whilst holding it between your thumb and index finger. In Eur ope, Arab guests eat with knives and forks. If meals are eaten by hand, only the right hand is used, as the left is considered as unclean.In the Middle East meals are served with nan or pita bread, which is broken into little pieces that are then formed into a shovel using three fingers, and the food picked is up with this. Dates are always a welcome offering, although the locally available ones are not of the same quality as the ones in the Middle East. This is why they are often flown in especially by guests. Favoured desserts are saturnine and sweet, but usually quite costly as they contain ingredients such as hazelnuts, walnuts, almonds, pistachios and honey.Baklava, Swiss chocolate and glazed chestnuts are very well liked. It is considered very rude to remove plates that are not quite empty without asking. Arab guests do not necessarily know the rule of laying the knife and fork succeeding(a) to one another on the plate to signal that one has finished. Permission must therefo re be asked for before clearing. 9. 2 Beverages In Arab countries beverages are ordered during or after meals, not before. They are also used to receiving their food soon after ordering.In the Arab region guests are greeted with a beverage upon arrival, without having ordered. This is an Arab ritual and serves to reach a friendly atmosphere. Ordering drinks prior to receiving food is not customary and seen as a nuisance. Apart from mocha, there is no drink that is consumed in larger amounts than tea. Especially popular are black tea with a few sprigs of mint, but also cardamom, aniseed and jasmine are popular flavourants. Tea is an obligatory welcome drink for guests, and is drunk very sweet, and many hotels have started serving tea out of samovars in the lobby area.Some guests however may be irritated by the fact that the same person who serves them the tea also serves alcohol. Provided as part of the benefits of membership of Cape Town Tourism. For more information visit www. ca petown. travel/industry, call +27 (0)21 487 6800 or email emailprotected travel Coffee is served in small mocha cups with a lot of sugar (hulwa), half a sugar regular hexahedron (madbuta) or without sugar (murra). Because the method of preparation and taste of coffee prepared by hotels differs greatly, coffee is often brought along by guests.The water consumed is usually still water, and for cost reasons is often bought in large bottles at supermarkets. To counter this, water can be offered at special prices as part of room service. Because Muslims are prohibited from drinking alcohol, a large range of nonalcoholic drinks should be made available. Arab Christians however are permitted to consume alcohol. Apart from water, fruit juices and Coca-Cola are very popular, especially with children. 10. Summary of Important Tips Specifics ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Emphasise to staff the importance of offering suggestions Enquire about health and satisfaction on a regular basis begin inform ation about mosques and prayer times at hand Inform other guests that Arab guests are sharing the same floor Explain to staff how to offer tactful service by making use of examples Print hotel rules in Arabic, English and German Welcome letters can contain tactful requests about adherence to certain house rules Inform guests about hotel liability policy in writing (when doors are left open) Specify a contact person who is responsible for the group during the stay Show flexibility when it comes to breakfast and restaurant opening times Respect special requests when cleaning rooms Have information on childrens activities and programmes at hand Show the nanny the way to the nearest park Verbal Communication ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Discuss the subject of communication between Arab guests and staff Never leave a guest waiting when they want to communicate Do not be irritated by the randy expressions of guests Do not deny requests, rather offer alternatives and show that you are concerned and want ing to assist Communicate criticism tactfully Always plan enough time to ensure a trusting relationship is built up with guests Show personal interest Be careful when using irritability irony and sarcasm are no-nos Non-verbal Communication ? ? ? ? Stern expressions are interpreted as arrogant always smile No direct eye contact between female guests and male staff Eye contact is important between men Accept minimal personal space when communicating Complaint Behavior ? Be sensitive and tactful during emotionally charged complaints ? Should guests retire/leave quietly, assume that there is a problem ?Involve the warmheartedness man/interpreter when guest or hotel complaints come up Provided as part of the benefits of membership of Cape Town Tourism. For more information visit www. capetown. travel/industry, call +27 (0)21 487 6800 or email emailprotected travel ? Be proactive to avoid a spate of complaints ? Serious issues must be handled by male staff Reservations ? ? ? ? Clarify hierarchical order in advance Clarify exact number of guests including babies and nannies Internally, ensure that all names are spelt in one way Clarify on arrival who will be taking care of payments Greeting / Welcome ? Allocate sufficient time for the greeting/arrival ? Use Arab forms of greeting ? Discuss the importance of first impressions with staff.Despite reservations, guests will change hotels if they are not happy ? Male staff should not shift hands with female guests ? Handshakes that are too firm are to be avoided ? Never offer the left hand, as it is considered unclean ? Ensure that the check-in runs swimmingly and speedily ? Financial issues must be dealt with tactfully ? Plan in more time and staff to deal with special requests ? Have city information at hand in Arabic Hotel Interior ? ? ? ? ? Hotels with self-catering facilities are preferred Ensure that guests feel safe endure play rooms/entertainment areas for children A/C is a must Be prepared that the lobby will at times resemble a bazaar Room Interiors ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Rooms should be big with interconnecting doors Check number of guests per room regularly Advise in a sensitive manner the rules for number of persons allowed per room adduce big beds Provide Arab TV channels Prepare friendly welcome letter Offer still mineral water in large bottles Discuss minibar confine in advance Indicate direction of Mecca (remove any other religious symbols/books) Be prepared for increased towel usage Services on Offer ? Discuss cleaning schedules with individual rooms ? Have enough cleaning staff at hand, preferably female ? Offer newspapers in home languages Provided as part of the benefits of membership of Cape Town Tourism. For more information visit www. capetown. travel/industry, call +27 (0)21 487 6800 or email emailprotected travel Food and Beverages ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Offer room service Translate menu into Arabic and number the dishes Be prepared for increase in room service between 21h00 and 23h00 Have an Arabic chef prepare Arabic meals Alternatively, allow the guests personal chef to use kitchen Order in Arab catering Adjust restaurant opening times to suit guests Serve children first and quickly Pork and alcohol are prohibited for Muslims Breakfast ? Offer normal international breakfast buffet ? Offer wide selection of fruit and fruit juices ? Indicate which cold meats contain pork Etiquette during Meal Times ? Always ask whether plates may be removed before doing so ? placement big tables in guest rooms to avoid guests having to eat sitting on the floor ? Only eat with the right hand, as the left is considered unclean Drinks ? ? ? Offer black tea with sprigs of fresh mint leaves Tea is generally drunk very sweet Offer a good selection of non-alcoholic beverages Be aware that coffee is often brought by the guests themselves Arabic Phrases Good day Good morning Good evening Good night Welcome convey you Please See you again One moment please Excuse me please I wish you a pleasant stay Salam aleikhum (pronounced sala maleicum) Sabah elkheir (pronounced sabba elsher) Masah elkheir (pronounced masse elsher) Tisbah ala kheir (pronounced tisba ala kair) Marhaba Shokran (pronounced shukran) Afoin (pronounced affoan) Maa salama Min fadlak Lau samahat Ekama saida Provided as part of the benefits of membership of Cape Town Tourism. For more information visit www. capetown. ravel/industry, call +27 (0)21 487 6800 or email emailprotected travel Titles The confusing name sequences are constructed with between three and six elements ? Social status ? First name and family ties ? Father and sometimes grandfathers names ? Social and geographic origin ? Sometimes honour titles and occupational titles The social rank is always mentioned at the beginning of the name this is especially clear for heads of state, e. g. Emir (Arab. Amir), Sultan, Malik (king) or Rais (president). In the UAE the rulers do not call each other Emir, but rather Sheikh. This is follow ed by the first name, which is followed by the description of family ties/connections.For boys Ibn (son of), for girls Bint (daughter of), for fathers Abu (Father of). An especially honorable title is Umm (mother of), followed by the firstborn sons name. These are followed by the social or geographic origins. Muslims who have fulfilled their trips to the holy sites of Mecca and Medina carry the honorary title of Hajj, although this is seldom used in the Emirates or Gulf of Oman. The job title is often also part of the title, e. g. Imam (priest), Qadi (judge) or Hakim (doctor). The surname always stands last. Provided as part of the benefits of membership of Cape Town Tourism. For more information visit www. capetown. travel/industry, call +27 (0)21 487 6800 or email emailprotected travel

Biography of William Shakespeare Essay

It is kn protest that he was born in April 1564 and that he died on 23rd April 1616 at the age 52. He was baptized on 26th April 1564. How fitting that the great English pull throughr is so closely identified with the patron saint of England. Shakespe atomic number 18 had septet siblings. They were Joan (1558) Margaret (1562) Gilbert (1566) Joan II (1569) Anne (1571) Richard (1574) and Edmund (1580). Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway when he was 18. She was 26 and she was pregnant when they got married. Their first child was born six months after the wedding.Shakespeare and Anne Hathaway had three children together a son, overact net, who died in 1596, and two daughters, Susanna and Judith. His only granddaughter Elizabeth daughter of Susanna died childless in 1670. Shakespeare therefore has no descendants. Shakespeare died a rich man. He made several gifts to various hoi polloi but left his property to his daughter, Susanna. The only mention of his wife in Shakespeares own wi ll is I give unto my wife my second scoop up bed with the furniture. The furniture was the bedclothes for the bed. Shakespeare was buried in the Holy Trinity Church, Stratford-upon-Avon.He put a curse on anyone daring to excise his body from that final resting place. His epitaph was Good friend for Jesus sake forbear, To dig the dust enclosed here Blest be the man that spares these stones, And curst be he that moves my bones. Though it was customary to dig up the bones from previous graves to make room for others, Shakespeares remains are still undisturbed. During his life, Shakespeare wrote 37 plays and 154 sonnets This means an average 1. 5 plays a year since he first started writing in 1589. His last play The Two Noble Kinsmen is reckoned to have been write in 1613 when he was 49 years old.While he was writing the plays at such a pace he was also conducting a family life, a social life and a full business life, running an acting company and a theatre. Few people realize that apart from writing his legion(predicate) plays and sonnets, Shakespeare was also an actor who performed many of his own plays as well as those of other playwrights. During his life Shakespeare performed before Queen Elizabeth I and, later, before James I who was an enthusiastic patron of his work. Shakespeares profession was acting. He is listed in documents of 1592, 1598 and 1603 as an actor.We know that he acted in a Ben Jonson play and also in his own plays but its thought that, as a very busy man, writing, managing the theatre and commuting between London and his home in Stratford where is family was, he didnt undertake big parts. There is evidence that he played the ghost in Hamlet and Adam in As You Like It. In Elizabethan theatre circles it was common for writers to collaborate on writing plays. Towards the end of his career Shakespeare worked with other writers on plays that have been credited to those writers. Other writers also worked on plays that are credited to Shakesp eare.We know for certain that Timmons of Athens was a collaboration with Thomas Middleton Pericles with George Wilkins and The Two Noble Kinsmen with John Fletcher. Some scholars have maintained that Shakespeare did not write the Shakespeare plays, with at least fifty writers having been suggested as the real author. However, the evidence for Shakespeares having written the plays is very strong. Shakespeare is the second most quoted writer in the English voice communication after the various writers of the Bible. Suicide occurs an unlucky thirteen times in Shakespeares plays.It occurs in Romeo and Juliet where both Romeo and Juliet commit suicide, in Julius Caesar where both Cassius and Brutus die by consensual stabbing, as well as Brutus wife Portia. Some of Shakespeares signatures have survived on original documents. In none of them does he spell his propose in what has become the standard way. He spells it Shakespere and Shakespear. Shakespeare lived a double life. By the sev enteenth century he had become a famous playwright in London but in his hometown of Stratford, where his wife and children were, and which he visited frequently, he was a well known and highly respected businessman and property owner.The American death chair Abraham Lincoln was a great lover of Shakespeares plays and frequently recited from them to his friends. His assassin, John Wilkes Booth was a famous Shakespearean actor. Although it was illegal to be a Catholic in Shakespeares lifetime, the Anglican Archdeacon, Richard Davies of Litchfield, who had known him wrote some time after Shakespeares death that he had been a Catholic. Candles were very expensive in Shakespeares time so they were used only for emergencies, for a short time.Most writers wrote in the daytime and socialized in the evenings. There is no reason to trust that Shakespeare was any different to his contemporaries. It was illegal for women and girls to perform in the theatre in Shakespeares lifetime so all the female parts were written for boys. The schoolbook of some plays like Hamlet and Antony and Cleopatra refer to that. It was only much later, during the Restoration, that the first woman appeared on the English stage. There are only two Shakespeare plays written entirely in verse they are Richard II and King John.Many of the plays have half of the text in prose. Shakespeare wrote many more plays than the ones we know about. Its certain that he wrote a play titled Cardenas, which has been lost, but scholars think he wrote about twenty that have gone without a trace. Shakespeares shortest play, The harlequinade of Errors is only a third of the length of his longest, Hamlet, which takes four hours to perform. Two of Shakespeares plays, Hamlet and Much Ado About Nothing, have been transformd into Klingon.The Klingon Language Institute plans to translate more. All Uranus satellites are named after Shakespearean characters. William Shakespeare is an anagram of I am a weakfish speller. S hakespeares original grave marker showed him holding a bag of grain. Citizens of Stratford replaced the bag with a quill in 1747. William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the humans pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called Englands national poet and the Bard of Avon.

Global warming Essay

Persuasive SpeechGood day everyone, today I admonish about globular thawing. As we know that global thaw is on the rise and worsen our planets condition, and as a concern citizen to our environment we should make an action to fight global warming, we should have maintenance and changes to our surroundings to serve our dying planet wake up to reality and be part of the preservation of our mother earth. Global warming has started since the late 19th century and lock in continues to the present time. According to studies global warming is getting worst through the years and blush we can feel the changes in our climate. The melting of North and to the south Pole are some evidence of the rising temperature of the Earths atmosphere and ocean caused by the increasing concentrations of green house gases produced by piece activities. And since 1980 the rise of temperature increases two-thirds from the preceding. For now we know how global warming mount and on its greatest.We should be concern to life, to our future, to our childrens children and to all living things in our planet. And I similarly predict if global warming still prolong and influence our planets worsening condition, 5000 years is the remaining time to our planet that life can exist for even us could imagine what would happen to the upcoming years if global warming still continues. Today there are lots of people producing actions that battle global warming but still they are lacking, they still need more or else all people to be a component of the conservation of our planet. even there are many citizens saving the earth but the more citizens killing our planet, it is useless.I hope that you will realize the effects of global warming and be more concerned to our environment .To have the sense of discipline to do the right things for the goodness of our planet, so that we wont suffer. And once once again Im knocking on you to wake up and be part of the preservation of our planet. Thank you. God ble ss

Coeducational vs Single Sex Schools Essay

I think it would be nice to attend an tout ensemble-girls school. I am for this for many contrary reasons. Of course, there would be a lot less playing period with the girls, and they would concentrate more on their schoolwork instead of their way. Their grades would be much better, because they would study more and ask questions about the assignments. An all-girls school is a large idea for teenage girls in high school, because since there would be no boys around, the girls wouldnt be vying for their attention. Without all of the boys, the girls wouldnt worry about many things, besides their schoolwork and their grade. They wouldnt wear make-up or cute clothes, because they would substantiate nobody to impress.Im going to admit it, there are merely two reasons why girls eat drama or fight, either somebody is running their mouth, or its over a guy. On https//privateschool.about.com/u/ua/choosingschools2/singlesex.htm, there is a comment from a girl with the username, young lady Power. In her comment she makes really good points about why an all-girls school is better than coeducational. Although all of the comments were inspirational and helpful in making my decision, her comment was the one that helped me make my final decisions that I have scripted in this paper.All-girls schools help young women learn to be independent, and not fight about stupid things, handle boys. In all-girls schools, just like coeducational schools, there are different groups of people. Some of the groups are standardised to the groups at coeducational schools, such as preps, jocks, nerds, miscellaneous, etc. All-girls schools would have a lot less drama than coeducational schools, because the girls would have no reason to start drama.Alright, this whole next paragraph is my opinion you wear downt have to agree with me. Girls pay a lot more attention to their schoolwork indeed to boys in all-girls schools, because there are no boys around to pay attention to. Most girls ju st atomic number 50t help it, they are natural flirts. My friends and I are that way, so Im not being mean. Its comp permitely natural to flirt, some girls may take it too far, but thats their problem.If I was at an all-girls school, I am almost positive my grades would be better than they are now, boot out for math. Math is my weakness. If all the boys left midway for a week, and nothing was left but the girls, the school reasonable would increase dramatically, because the girls would pay attention more, and make better grades. Girls are too worried about their appearance or too caught up in flirting with the boys to pay attention in class, therefore, they will fail.Its normal for girls to crave the attention from the boys. Most of the time it reflects in the way girls act. Sometimes I male parentt understand why girls have boyfriends, because they will flirt anyways, its the natural thing. I got withdraw topic there for a second, lets get back on track. The girls wouldnt have to look perfect at an all-girls school. They wouldnt have to wear any make-up they would just have natural beauty. They wouldnt be competing for attention from the boys, because there would be absolutely no boys.Well, after doing a lot of research and taking a lot of notes, an all-girls school is the way to go. Less drama, better grades, and you feignt have to be perfect. Okay, Im going to go beg my mommy to let me go to an all-girls school. Its the best decision in my opinion.

Adverb Clause

What do you know about adverbial clause? Adverb clause is a dependent clauses that rests of subject and verd as a unit which takes the place of an adverb in otherwise clauses or pharses. It answers questions such as when? , where? , why? , with whwt core? , and under what condition? . It oftenly modifies verb in the sentences. 2. Mention the kinds of adverb clause in that spatial relation argon some kinds of adverb clause, they be kind of clausecommon conjunctionsFunctionExample ime clauseswhen, before, after, since, while, as, as long as, until,till, etc. (conjunctions that answer the question when? ) hardly, scarcely, no sooner, etc. These clauses are used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or to another event. Her goldfish died when she was young. conditional clausesif, unless, lestThese clauses are used to palaver about a possible or conditional situation and its consequences. If they lose weight during an illness, they soon regain it afterw ards. urpose clausesin order to, so that, in order thatThese clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action.They had to take some of his land so that they could extend the churchyard. reason clausesbecause, since, as, givenThese clauses are used to indicate the reason for something. I couldnt feel anger against him because I liked him too more than. result clausesso thatThese clauses are used to indicate the result of something. My suitcase had become so damaged on the expedition home that the lid would not stay closed. oncessive clausesalthough, though, whileThese clauses are used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising. I used to read a lot although I dont get much time for books now. place clauseswhere, wherever, some(prenominal)where, everywhere, etc. (conjunctions that answer the question where? )These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something. He said he was happy where he was. clauses of ma nneras, like, the wayThese clauses are used to talk about someones behaviour or the way something is done.I was never everyowed to do things as I wanted to do them. Table 1. adopted from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Adverbial_clause 3. Example of adverb clause a. The government of resource-poor Japan and the utility companies contend nuclear reactors must(prenominal) come back online after thorough safety checks to avoid possible rolling blackouts this summer and immoderate reliance on imports of liquid natural gas, coal and other expensive fuels for conventional power plants. The underlined above is adverb clause of time. It modifies the verb come back. . Tokyo housewife Setsuko Naoe says she felt compelled to join the protests because officials have not learned any lessons from the Fukushima meltdowns. The underlined above is adverb clause of reason, it modifies felt compelled to join the protests. c. Asakawa says since the 1960s, Japan has not seen such large street demonstr ations, which besides took place in the same location. But these rallies are different he points out as they are not composed of radical, young people but are rather part of a assorted grassroots movement.The underlined above is adverb clause of time, it modifies has not seen d. Japan may be forced to halt all state spending including salaries, pensions and unemployment benefits, because of a standoff in parliament that has blocked a bill to finance the deficit. The underlined above is adverb clause of reason. It modifies the verb may be forced. e. The giant pandas are messengers of friendship, he said. We hope that people-to-people sentiment and boilersuit relations between China and Japan tidy sum be promoted because of the birth of the cub. The underlined above is adverb clause of reason.It modifies can be promoted. f. Victoria only learned the truth when she became an adult. The underlined above is an adverb clause of time. It modifies learned. g. With this verdict we can vex repairing the damages caused by our history, even though this history still causes us pain, she adds. The underlined above is an adverb clause of concessive. It modifies light repairing. h. Some either prefer not to know or when they do find out they go along with the parents who raised them even if they were directly involved in the death of their biological parents.The underlined above takes place as an adverb clause of conditional. It modifies prefer not to know. i. When her adoptive father told her that her parents were left-wing activists that he himself had helped to arrest, she replied I understand that you had to do it. The underlined above is adverb clause of time. It modifies the verb replied. j. The worst years came when I started to come to terms with my situation and I had this spacious internal emotional debate, she says. The underlined above is adverb clause of time. It modifies the verb came. 4.Comparison and the differences among Noun, Adjective and Adverb clause. Three of the clauses above same in the content, their clauses consist of subject and verb. While the differences among them the functions and what they modify. Noun clause takes place as noun in the sentences, it may be appear as subject or object. Noun clause often modifies the noun in the sentence. Adjective clause takes place as an adjective in the sentence. It also modifies the noun in the sentence. And adverb clause takes place as an adverb in the sentences, it modifies the verb in the sentence.