Importance Of Semiotics In A Film Film Studies Essay

splendour Of semiotics In A Film Film Studies EssaySemiotics in germinate is always an important and perplexing element in any picture. It is the signification and communication of signs and symbols to forge a plot and peg down certain events that happen within the plot. Popular Films much(prenominal) as The 6th Sense and The ground substance overhear unbelievable amount of compose to aspects precedingly menti unmatchabled. The film The 6th Sense uses great color and different shots to consist and imply meaning and patterns in the story. Where as The hyaloplasm is referenced to a greater extent toward the Bible in this analysis and uses much unearthly references and color to develop its story and meaning.In the supernatural thriller The Sixth Sense made by M. Night Shyamalan, extreme symbolism is employ to mystify and personify the tactility of f knead to the viewer. Each symbol in the picture is an important voice to the film. In this film, and eight year old boy named Cole is cookn up(p) by a gift of considering ghosts. Cole is terrified by visitations from these ghosts that want him to help them resolve things left und ace in their previous lives. Cole, with no one left to turn to, goes to a psychologist named Dr. Malcolm Crowe that helps him though bulge the movie deal with his haunting gift.One important symbol in this film is shadows and reflections. Shadows since the beginning of time harbor been known to intend spirits. At various points in the film, the camera reverts to shots of shadows that signify the presence of spirits somewhat Cole. Doors and windows atomic number 18 also extremely important in this film. Dr. Malcolm comes across some locked doors throughout the film. Doors are express to signify entrance into opposite dimensions and realities. Dr. Malcolms encounters with locked doors are a way of clueing the audience in on his seve chromatic society with the real world. At one point in the film Dr. Ma lcolm is expression through a glass window at his wife with another(prenominal) man. The glass is used to help signify the strain in Malcolm and his wifes relationship. The church, unearthly figurines and plastic toy soldiers are solely also world-shattering symbols in the film. Cole searches for a place of peace to hide from the ghosts, and Malcolm directs him to the church. Religious figurines such as figures of Jesus and various saints are focused on which all remind the viewer of death.The cold temperature also signifies the coming of sprits. In for each one scene the temperature drops, and the characters breath is able to be seen when a ghost is handout to approach Cole. Possibly the close reoccurring and important symbol through this film is use of the color trigger-happy. I have heard various interpretations of red as a symbol in this film. In probably the most semiotic filled scene, Cole is traveling up a coiling staircase following a red balloon. In the sho t, you can see Coles shadow on the wall of the staircase which we already have open up as a symbol of relevant spirits. The spiral staircase is said to symbolize the journey into the after life-time, while the red balloon is supposed to symbolize a spirit as well. Another source of red in the film is the box that a dead girl gives to Cole to hit the sack to her family that has a video read in it bound in a red ribbon. We later find out that the video is a tape of her step mother poisoning her and when he delivers it to the family the murderer is dressed in what else but a bright red suit. Coles safe place, the tent he built, is also red and also surrounded by figurines. When Cole confides in his mother to tell his secret to, she is also dressed in a red sweater which suggests that she is now Coles safe haven. Also, the church that I have previously spoken roughly has red doors, and the door knob of the basement that Malcolm is locked out of is red. A totally different but interesting take on the use of the color red in the film is that in the Catholic religion red is worn on Pentecost. Pentecost is said to be the birth of the church, and a time when Jesus could communicate and pass on his faith with the disciples. Every time there seems to be an important communication in the movie someone is either wearing red or surrounded by red which could signify important communication as Pentecost does to Catholics. Another movie that sacrifices great semiotic symbolism as The Sixth Sense is The Matrix.There are some(prenominal) signs and symbols that occur during the movie that have references to Christianity. An important scene is where neo is given a choice amongst dickens pills one blue, which would enable him to wake up safe in his retreat but never learn the truth about the Matrix the other red, which would allow him to see how deep the coney-hole goes. Here the color red could be used to symbolize action. The pill is used to rescue him from t he Matrix representing him being saved from the world. Another example is the name Trinity who is one of the main characters. This can be considered as a symbol for the divine Trinity. The name of Morpheus ship is the Nebuchadnezzar. This is a reference to King Nebuchadnezzar mentioned in the give of Daniel in the Bible. In The Matrix, Zion is the underground home of the free humans. Zion is used as a generalized metaphor for a mythical city which could be considered to be the last hope for humanity. It receives mention in the Bible in the book of Revelations. Zion is often used metaphorically, to symbolize Jerusalem and the Promised Land to come, in which God dwells among his chosen people.Neo is The One. The Oracle has prophesied that The One would hail the demolition of the Matrix, end the war and bring freedom to the people. In short, he is the the Nazarene of the human race. This can be compared to the story of Christ. He was the Saviour who had been prophesied about and wo uld bring about the freedom of mankind. Neo is an icon as he represents the saviour.Christ was betrayed by one of his own disciples, Judas Iscariot. In the film, the role of the betrayer is delineate by Cypher. Towards the end of the movie, Neo is killed and comes back to life. This represents the Death and the Resurrection of Christ. Aside from the religious views of the film there is reference to a childrens story.There are several references to Alice in wonderland by Lewis Carroll. When Morpheus first contacts Neo, he tells him to follow the White Rab turn of events. consort to Lewis Carrolls book, Alice stumbles into Wonderland because she follows a White Rabbit. When Neo and Morpheus finally meet, Morpheus says I imagine that right now, youre feeling a bit like Alice. Hmm? Tumbling down the rabbit hole? He then gives him a choice between two pills one blue, which would enable him to wake up safe in his bed but never learn the truth about the Matrix the other red, which woul d allow him to see how deep the rabbit-hole goes. Here again is a reference to Alice in Wonderland. Alice falls down the rabbit-hole into wonderland. It is important to note that Alices entire embark is just a dream. This could have significance in the fact that Neo is right now trapped in a dream from which he has to awaken. The Matrix is not limited to just one philosophical reappearance alone. There are numerous issues and concepts that can be drawn from the Matrix, including the innovation of life, the existence of a self and personal identity, and the question of the meaning of life Film makers like M. Night Shyamalan and Andy and Larry Wachowski have made it thrilling to go back to the movies again when it comes to looking for symbolism and meaning in movies. As one watches movies over and over again, some may find that they bewildered things in the movie they hadnt incurd before. It is sometimes exciting and fulfilling to find and notice things you never knew were symbol s later on. Signifiers and symbols can make a film so much more interesting to watch and figure out, and thats precisely the function they hold in these movies. Without the sensational symbolism, either film would not hold half the brilliance and genius that they have. Semiotics is so obviously significant to the making of films.The major fault in semiotic analysis is its hit dependence on societies pre-existing shared knowledge. The media relies on the fact that its viewing audience already know current background information on their military issue of choice. Without this pre defined knowledge, signs and their signifiers mean nothing and are obsolete. However that doesnt mean one cannot pick up on these signs, it would just be a bit more difficult than it would for a person who has previous knowledge of how and what the precedent is using. Semiotics can be used for any type of moderate to produce a meaning. It is not limited to just films for which this essay has used but , for radio, television, written text, and illustrated pictures along with text, such as comics. All have semiotics and all have its advantages to display meaning and use symbols best habilitate for the form.

Diabetes in African American Population in South Carolina

Diabetes in African American Population in southwestern CarolinaAbstractDiabetes is a serious disease, which often leads to complications, such(prenominal) as blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, strokes, and amputations. High blood pressure and abnormal cholesterol levels ar frequent. Diabetes has an immense impact on world wellness and medical c ar. In conspiracy Carolina medical costs rise with increased duration of the disease, and life history is shortened by 5-10 years in most patients.In 2011, diabetes bear upon 25.8 million race in the United States with 7 million undiagnosed cases (CDC, 2011). In terms of racial and ethnic disparity, the outlook becomes much dismal, as racial and ethnic minorities be disproportionately affected and are more than likely to progress to complications than their White counterparts, especially when they are unable to addition the health compassionate system for focal point and carry off (Lavery, et.al., 1999). Approximately 45 0,000 in the south Carolinians are affected by diabetes, many of who were still undiagnosed in 2010. One of every five patients in a southeasterly Carolina hospital has diabetes, and one in every ten visits to a South Carolina emergency brake room is diabetes related. The total charges for diabetes and diabetes-related hospitalizations and emergency room visits were over $4.2 billion in 2010.Diabetes is the seventh leading relieve oneself of death in South Carolina, this instant or indirectly claiming more than 3,000 lives each year, and the fifth leading cause of death in African Americans, claiming about 1,200 African American lives each year. Most diabetes deaths occur in persons over age 60. Minorities, predominantly African Americans, experienced a substantially higher death rate and more years of potential life lost than Whites. The racial disparity in deathrate has widened over the past 10 years. The racial disparity is constrictive in diabetes prevalence, primarily, because the prevalence in the White population is increasing.Suitable function and FundingThe SC DHEC Division of Diabetes measure and comptroller has been funded by the contracts for complaint Control and hamperions Division of Diabetes Translation since 1994. In addition, in July 1994, the South Carolina Legislature established the Diabetes Initiative of South Carolina (DSC), with a Diabetes Center of Excellence at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) and a governing Board, and triad active councils. DSC works closely with DHECs Diabetes Division via its Board of Directors and surveillance and Outreach Councils, committees, and task forces. A Ten Year Strategic Plan was enforced by DSC in 1998 and evaluated in 2009, and the results are reported in the SC Medical Journal (Myers, 2011). Results from successive Burden of Diabetes in South Carolina reports have been used to monitor progress of the strategic plan.The South Carolina Division of Diabetes Prevention and Control is housed and managed within the South Carolina Department of wellness and Environmental Controls (DHEC) Bureau of Community Health and Chronic Disease Prevention. through with(predicate) partnerships and related community and statewide interventions, the SC Diabetes Division overarching goals and objectives are toPrevent complications, disabilities, and burden associated with diabetes andEliminate health disparitiesThe division plans to accomplish this throughuniform diabetes guidelines of care endorsed in the statediabetes guidelines of care incorporated into clinical outcomes and change magnitude the percent of people living with diabetes receiving standards of care.The divisions target populations are the disparate populations within our state, which include African Americans and Hispanic/Latinos as tumesce as the elderly. The top issue is to ensure that all people with diabetes attain the recommended diabetes standards of care from their healthcare providers to supp ort self-management, particularly in rural health settings as well as to increase resources for improved diabetes management in South Carolina.Since a primary mission of the division has been to ensure a coordinated approach to diabetes prevention and control efforts, the division has established linkages and collaborated with tell agencies and organizations across the state to access to evidence-based information and expertise to ensure we are doing all we can to reduce the burden of diabetes in our state. The DHEC Diabetes Division partnered with the fall in US SEA-CEED Program (Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health) and the Diabetes Initiative of South Carolina (DSC) to arm a state-wide diabetes advisory council, which worked together to develop state-wide guidelines for diabetes care and are before long working together to produce the next state-wide diabetes strategic plan.The Diabetes Division is conception a multi-year plan tailored for the characteristics of South Carolina Federally Qualified Health Centers. The goal of this initiative is to sustain health systems that support good degenerative care management for people living with chronic diseases, through the institutionalization of choice improvement (QI) in clinics across the state. By reaching this goal, the Diabetes Division and get word partners uphold the philosophy that creating an milieual change in the health care system that makes the delivery of high quality chronic disease care the easy choice for health care providers. This change in the environment leave be reflected in chronic disease indicators. Improvements in such indicators will result in a reduction in complications, burden, and deterioration of diabetes and other chronic diseases.By way of expanding and widening linkages, the division will continue to collaborate with other internal and external programs and agencies such as. DHECs Bureau of Community Health and Chronic Disease Prevention, regional public h ealth offices, and Office of Minority Health.ConclusionApproximately 2,500-3,000 South Carolinians transcend from diabetes every year, including deaths from diabetes as the underlying cause and deaths where diabetes was a contributing cause. Diabetes-related mortality has decreased by 28% in the overall population, and by 40% in African American females in 10 years. The majority (82%) of deaths from diabetes occurred among people aged 60 and older. Race-sex specific mortality tracked closely with the patterns of diabetes-related chance factors and morbidity. Minorities, predominantly African Americans, experienced a substantially higher death rate, and greater years of potential life lost, approximately three propagation that of the White population. Culturally appropriate, innovative communication and education programs are indispensable to reduce the tremendous burden in this population. Meanwhile, increasing awareness, access to care, and diabetes management are critical for people with diabetes. Increasing resources for diabetes control in South Carolina, particularly rural health settings, and targeting high-risk populations are objectives of the Diabetes Initiative of South Carolina and the DHEC Division of Diabetes Prevention Strategic Plan.ReferencesAmerican Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. (2012). Diabetes Care, 35 (Suppl. 1), S11-S63.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Adult and Community Health, depicted object Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2011). REACH U.S. jeopardy Factor Survey, Year 3 Data Report for Medical University of South Carolina, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionMyers, P., Heidri, K., Bowen, S., Jenkins, C., Gaffney, T., Massing, M., Lackland, D. (2010). An Evaluation of the First Ten days of the Diabetes Imitative of South Carolina. The Journal of the South Carolina Medical Association, 106(2), 84-88.

Differences between Pidgins and Creoles

Differences between Pidgins and CreolesDiscuss some of the base differences that characterize pidgins and Creoles, based on your understanding of what is meant by the wining mention Pidginisation is stand by lecture eruditeness with certified input, while creolisation was world-class linguistic converse limiting with restricted input. (Mesthrie et al, 2009, p. 287)Pidgins be defined as a role of spoken communication with two or more than spoken communications. It has fundamental grammar and vocabulary. It is to a fault meant to facilitate race who do non speak a putting surface wrangle. Lastly, it is not spoken as a subjective dustup. An example is the spit Franca which was first created among traders. This is called business lyric poem. They atomic number 18 created because traders come from antithetic places and call for unalike tongues t here(predicate)fore a common language is chassised. Creoles, on the other hand, signify to whatsoever pidgin langu age that begets the first language in a barbarism community. A creole is created when the utterer of a pidgin language run low gains a strong hold over utterers of another. This prat be in the form of social or political hold over. Therefore, the pidgin language employ in speech between these two groups may become the first language of the minority community. One such example is Gullah (derived from English), spoken in the ocean Islands of the s fall outheastern U.S. http//www.reference.com/browse/creole Differences between Pidgins and Creoles1) Pidgin is a linguistic communication that comprised of components of two or more other languages and is used for communication among people. It stop also be called business language. It is not a first language. Whereas, creole is a language that was at first a pidgin but has change and become a first language.2) Structural difference Creole languages postulate the Subject Verb Object word order whereas Pidgin can have any(prenomina l) possible order. Also, reduplication is a common and general process in Creole languages but its very not very often instal in Pidgins.3) One important difference between Pidgins and Creoles is that pidgins do not have first language utterers while creoles do. However, this is not easy to list out because there are more and more extended pidgins offset printing to acquire native speakers. Extended pidgins refer to when a pidgin becomes a creole. The cultural side of a pidgin commonly defines this. This mover that more pidgins are bonnie first languages.4) Another difference is that creoles may originate through subnormal transmissions but as children acquire them, they must, therefore, comply with the blueprint of language that can also be referred to as how the language is going to constructed and formed. Blueprint here is compar qualified to how we relate to a blueprint of a house. However, for pidgins, as they are a result of a atomic number 42 language, although they have to be learnable by adults, they do not have to be acceptable by children. This means that pidgins do not have to comply with the blueprint of language. Pidgins before they become accomplished languages in a community, are always second languages and usually after teenage.Explanation of quoteAccording to the definition, what Mesthrie et al meant when he tell Pidginisation is second language learning with restricted input is that pidgins is not used as a first language. Following the definition laid out above, it is a language that is borne out of the contact between two different languages. As such, it has restricted contact as the contact between the speaker and the second language is not frequent. Also, it has been noted that pidgins are nothing ratiocination to the foreign language as it has only rudimentary grammar and vocabulary. As mentioned above, interrogation has shown that all creole languages have the Subject Verb Object language rules whereas any possible order i s allowed for pidgins. This means that while creole languages need to go with a given set of rules for word order, pidgins do not have to. Instead they can be formed in any way. For example, the pidgin Ojibwe has a free word order. This shows that pidgins is second language learning because learners do not follow a given set of language rules as the grammar is as yet not fixed and internalized. This goes to show as what Mesthrie has said pidgins are basically second language learning with restricted input from the native speakers of the second language themselves. The second part of the quote claims that creolization is first language learning with restricted input. As mentioned in the definition, through creolization, a pidgin becomes a language on its own. This language is then similar to non-creole languages in terms of well-formed and language rules. This claim stems from the crucial difference between creoles and pidgins the presence of native speakers and also a need to f ollow the blueprint of the foreign language. In creoles, the presence of native speakers now means that there are more interactions between both languages. Also, reduplication is a usual process in Creole languages but its rarely seen in pidgins. The repetition of a prow to show intensity, plurality, duration and frequency shows that the second language learner has become more familiar with the foreign language. This implies that the learners are now almost on the same level as the native speakers in terms of familiarity with the first language and its grammar. This shows us that creoles are in effect first language learning. The need to now follow a blueprint of the foreign language and the added presence of native speakers means that creolization is in effect, a first language learning. To be a native speaker, one must be able to follow that languages linguistic rules. In creoles, we see that it is a requirement to follow the foreign languages rules. Thus, this tells us that the learning of creoles now assimilates to the foreign language as compared to pidgins. The later part of the second quote requires us to explain wherefore there is still restricted input. The previous second language speakers who are now native speakers of the foreign language means that the people who still speak the foreign language as a second language now have immediate role models they can learn from. However, as these native speakers are still few in numbers, creoles are therefore said to be first language learning with restricted input.

Impact of Web-Based Instruction (WBI) in Schools

sort outake of weather vane-Based way (WBI) in SchoolsNowadays the character of Web-Based Instruction (WBI) has signifi domiciliatet impacts on every aspect of our lives. In the context of education industry much and to a greater effect shoal and education institutions ask come to realize the latent impact of exploitation the WBI in the classroom as part of the larn environment. Despite the some(prenominal) challenges yet to be overcome, the advantages of WBI surrender been widely recognized. roughly of these major advantages let in flexibility and broader accessibility (Lee, Cheung, Chen, 2005), improved school-age childs performance (Alavi, 1994), pensive evaluation of the tuition make (Hiltz, 1995), and higher estimator self- aptitude (Piccoli, Ahmad, Ives, 2001). Academic institutions besides benefit in terms of cost reductions and increasing revenues (Saad and Bahli, 2005). The success of Web usage for larn is primarily due to its voltage to integ wande r conglome stray types of media much(prenominal) as audio, video, graphics, animation and text and delivered in various forms. recital of the lineSchools atomic number 18 witnessing a profound incr tranquillize in the map of mul whiledia presentations, video teleconferencing, and, to a greater extent currently, Web-Based Instruction (WBI). WBI presents great potential for instructional improvement by providing ready access to reading and al wretcheding more interaction between t to each oneers and learners (Hill, 1997). In order to meet the diverse demand of their teachers when integrating WBI into their subjects, most naturalizes keep up adopted a few major brands of mercenary course management softw argon. Nowadays we have heard that tuition technologies argon going to interchange school education especially in the expression teachers teach and the way our students will learn. But most of us have seen little evidence to fight down the claim. In fact, teachers exe rcise of innovative technologies has remained low (Surry and Land, 2000).The integration of engine room such as WBI into the classroom has remained low and educational applied science wont has been minimal, infrequent, and limited as an add-on rather than as indispensable to training and learning (Becker, 1991). Surry and Ely (2002) diagnosed, as a reason for this deficiency of utilization, which instructional designers had think on exploitation. They added that there is no guarantee for distri moreoverion of instructional technologies itself. While the dissemination and implementation of transition is meaning(a). Rogers (1995) and Stockdill and Moreho purpose (1992) described, it is a convoluted process that is influenced by m all factors. Technological superiority is only i of a number of factors that influence a persons ending nigh whether or not to adopt an friendshipableness. A more complex interaction of favorable, economic, organizational, and individual( a) factors influence which technologies argon adopted and how much they are engagementd later they have been adopted.As one of the major areas of diffusion of foot reading, instructional technologies have foc utilize on the identification of the signifi senst factors contributing to educational engine room implementation. Most studies of this issue have been simply investigating factors or have confined the look for scope to only examine all the psychological posture of factors (Marcinkiewicz, 1994 McKinney, Sexton, Meyerson, 1999 Olech, 1997), or the external or environmental perspective of factors (Daugherty and Funke, 1998 Groves Zemel, 2000), dis pick uping other relevant shiftings.Daugherty and Funkes (1998) accept focused only on the teachers sensed affirms or incentives as factors influencing the use of Web-Based instruction. They surveyed school teachers and students involved in Web-Based instruction on the advantages, disadvantages, and general strong poin t of using the Internet as a teaching and learning tool. Teachers reported the need of technical stand out, overlook of software or adequate to(predicate) equipment, lack of teachers or administrative behave, the metre of preparation cartridge clip, and student underground are roadblocks to use Web-Based instruction.According to Hamilton and Thompson (1992) in reality it is assumed that a person will be influenced by psychological and excessively environmental factors at the same time for a closing to adopt or utilize an change and Ely (1999) place 8 environmental conditions. His approach recognizes that the characteristics of adopters and the existence are not the only factors influencing its diffusion. His research suggests that the environment such as supports and incentives in which the intent is to be introduced plenty play an equally chief(prenominal) role in determining a change efforts success.In the this study, the tether categories of variables known to r elate to the take aim of unveiling use are place establish on the diffusion and diversity poseurs. First, in the area of personal characteristics, anterior live on and self-efficacy are selected as key variables. Second, complexity and intercourse advantage in this study are selected for the area of comprehend attributes of debut. Last, for the area of perception of influence and support from the environment, supports, and time are selected. To go beyond the single-equation approach using fourfold statistical regressions and dole out the associated limitations, structural equation illustrationing (SEM) will be used. Using this technique, confirming cause among variables are identified in the model that is stipulate from the lit and theories by the researcher. These indirect effects, when added to the direct effects in the model, allow the decision of total causal effects.Research ObjectiveIdentifying the direct, indirect and total effects of the identified soothsay er variables (self-efficacy, sex act advantage, complexity, electronic computer get under ones skin, supports and time) on criterion variable ( take of WBI use).Research QuestionsWhat are the direct, indirect and total effects of the identified forecaster variables (self-efficacy, congeneric advantage, complexity, computer experience, supports and time) on criterion variable (level of WBI use)?Purpose of the involveThe purpose of the study is to build a model to predict the level of diffusion and utilization of Web-Based Instruction in school. To test the model cardinal independent variables (self-efficacy, relative advantage, complexity, computer experience, supports and time) from the three perspectives bear oning the diffusion and utilization of WBI will be used. The selection of the variables is substantiated by empirical evidence from previous relevant debut studies (Rogers, 1995 Ely, 1999).The result of this study would also be stabilising to instructional designers. When it comes to booming educational program design, the consideration of the target listenings characteristics is requirement to the analysis phase in most instructional design models. Because the predictor variables are susceptible to interventions such as training or faculty development, the identification of the potential factors that are highly related to the integration of a sassy technology.Operational DefinitionPredictor VariablesSix independent variables which are selected from the three perspectives affecting the diffusion and utilization of WBI. The variables are computer experience, self-efficacy, complexity, relative advantage, supports and time. distribution of InnovationsThe adoption and utilization of Web as a teaching tool. aim of UseDegree of integration of WBI that has been attained by teachers in order to attain existing instructional goals.Web-Based InstructionA hypermedia-based instructional program which utilizes the attributes and resources of the World grand Web to create a signifi whoremonger buoyt learning environment such as Blackboard and WebCT.Chapter II literature ReviewThe objective of the study is to identify factors affecting the likelihood of diffusion in educational setting is usually comprehend from one of three major perspectives. The first of these is concerned with the characteristics of the adopter, such as computer experience and self-efficacy. The second perspective is focuses on the characteristics of the innovation itself. The third perspective focused on the characteristics of the environment in which the innovation is to be introduced. This approach highlights the grandness of factors outside the innovation which can set the stage for its success or failure. The review will be focus on diffusion of innovation, telling to factors affecting the diffusion and implementation of Web-Based Instruction in an educational setting, informational technology diffusion models, model constructs and Web-Based Instruct ion (WBI).Diffusion of InnovationSanders and Morrison (2001) have identified three reasons why the study of diffusion theory is beneficial to the report of instructional technology. The first reason is most instructional technologists lack the knowledge of why their products are or are not adopted. They believe a study of diffusion theory could rectify this situation. Second, the field of instructional technology is often associated with the concept of innovations and they suggested that if instructional technologists understand the diffusion and diffusion of innovation theory. They will be more prepared to ca-ca trenchantly with potential adopters. The third reason is the studies of the diffusion theory could result in developing a musical arrangementatic model of diffusion and diffusion for the instructional technology field.Everett Rogers is the most widely cited author in the area of general diffusion theory. Rogers (1995) theories form the basis of most studies related to d iffusion. Rogers theories seem to be universal elements of most diffusion theories. They are diffusion process, adopter categories, innovation attributes, and rate of diffusion. So the instructional technologists not only need to create well-designed products but need to ensure the diffusion of these products. The main concern of the diffusion of innovation research is how innovations are adopted and why innovations are adopted at different rates.The diffusion process outlined by Rogers (1995) has atomic number 23 move knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation, and confirmation. According to this theory, potential adopters of an innovation have to learn around an innovation and are persuaded to try it out before making a decision to adopt or reject the innovation. The adopters decide to either continue using the innovation or stop using it. This theory is very important because it shows that diffusion is not a momentary irrational act, but an current process that can be canvass, facilitated and supported.Factors Affecting Diffusion of InnovationThe experts in diffusion of innovation find that there is no single or a certain group of factors identified to explain the lack of use of Web-Based Instruction in school education. In this section, I will look for the factors have been examined and identified from many studies. The experts in educational technology have done numerous studies to find out the factors affecting the diffusion of Web-Based Instruction in school.Morris (2001) have found that the lack of technical support, lack of adequate equipment, amount of time required, student resistance or lack of computer skills, network problems and identified lack of teachers or administrative support are the barriers that teachers confronted when incorporating Web-Based instruction. From a survey of 557 teachers, Anderson, Varnhagen and Campbell (1998) also found that although most teachers believe that learning and communications technologies are ess ential to improving the quality of school education, many barriers were identified to realizing that capacity. They identified nine factors as major or mild barriers. The greatest barrier identified was lack of funding. The second greatest barrier was lack of time to learn technologies. The others are classroom infrastructure, adequate computer hardware or connectivity, institutional incentives, knowledge about applying technology in teaching, access to software tools, lack of training and support, and information about acquirable technology.Pitman, Gosper and Rich (1999) examined teachers use of instructional technology in a school classroom. In this study, they limited instructional technology to internet-related technologies including e-mail and the World Wide Web. The study identified significant relationships between teaching style, savvyd specialty of technology, perceived access to technology and perceived administrative support and the use of technology. Beggs (2000) hav e conducted the survey of 348 teachers. In this survey teachers at a school were asked about their self-perceived use of technology, factors influencing their use of technology, and barriers to the use of technology in the classroom. The factors are improved student learning, advantage over traditional teaching, equipment avail force, increased student interest, ease of use, compatibility with discipline, time needed to learn, materials in discipline, compatibility with materials, training, administrative support, personal informality and colleague use. Rogers (2000) have conducted the study to examine barriers to technology diffusion finished a structured interview conducted on the telephone or in-person. The barriers that he identified are need technical support staff, need venting time and time for training, funds, and lack of sharing best practices across system. with this through review, it seems that the factors emerge into three categories as like personal characteristics which include factors such as years of teaching, previous experience, teaching style, self-efficacy, and anxiety, innovation characteristics such as relative advantage, complexity, and compatibility, and environmental and social factors such as support and time. In the case of a factor of support, the factors like accessibility or availability, technical and administrative, workshop, and incentive may be grouped into a single factor as support.Refer to importance of considering both the person and the social environment as joint determinants of behavior, Surry and Farquhar (1997) described adopter based theories as opposite to developer-based theories. Developer-based theories are to increase diffusion by maximizing the efficiency, effectiveness and elegance of an innovation. They assume that the best way to bring about educational change is to create a system or product that is importantly superior to existing products or systems.In summary, this section focused on the studies cond ucted to find out the factors affecting the diffusion of instructional technology. Since these studies have not looked at the interactional effects of determinants on an adopters behavior so more attention seems to be needed on the interrelationships among identified variables.Innovation Diffusion modelsIn contrast to the studies that focus on single factors or a list of factors, a few models have been developed and empirically studied to identify the interactional effects of variables on innovation usage. These models focused on the identification of the determinants of usage, such as attitudes, social influences, and facilitation conditions (Davis, Richard Paul, 1989 Mathieson, 1991). speculation of Reasoned follow throughThe Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) was first proposed by Azjen and Fishbein (1975). The theory specified a causal relationship between individual behavioral conception and actual behavior. The components of TRA are behavioral intention, attitude, and inter nal norm. TRA suggests behavioral intention depends on a persons attitude toward behavior and subjective norm. Behavioral intention measures a persons relative strength of intention to perform a behavior. Attitude is comprised of feels about the consequences of performing the behavior multiplied by his or her valuation of those consequences. indwelling norm is seen as a combination of perceived candidates from referent individuals or groups along with intentions to comply with these expectations. (Azjen and Fishbein, 1975).TRA became the basis for developing the following two models, Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Technology Acceptance vex ( tammy). In fact, to poster for conditions where individuals do not have complete book over their behavior, TPB elongated TRA.Theory of Planned BehaviorAzjen and Madden (1986) modified TRA and generated a model named the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The only difference between the TRA and TPB is the inclusion body of perceived behavioral control. Perceived behavioral control reflects a persons ability to actually perform a behavior. It is influenced by the effects facilitating conditions and self-efficacy. Hoffman and Novak (1994) included ease of access, ease of use, price, knowledge, recent experience, and skill to represent the perceived behavioral control in their study of hypermedia using TPB. Each of the determinants of intention, like attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control, is determined by underlying belief structures. These are referred to as attitudinal beliefs, normative beliefs, and control beliefs which are related to attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control respectively.Technology Acceptance ModelTechnology Acceptance Model (TAM) was developed by Davis (1986) and introduced by Davis, et al. (1989). This model is an adaptation of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). TAM contends two clear-cut constructs like perceived usefulness and perceived ease of us e. Davis (1989) be perceived usefulness as the degree to which an individual believes that using particular system would enhance his or her job performance and ease of use as the degree to which an individual believes that using a particular system would be free of carnal and mental effort.This model is more specific and transparent because it only provides two factors which are important determinants of innovation usage (Mathieson, 1991). These factors are specific, easy to understand, and can be manipulated through system design and implementation. In addition, they should also be generalizable across settings. Although it is a special case of the TRA, TAM excludes the influence of social and personal control factors on behavior, which is also identified as important factors in the previous research (Groves Zemel, 2000 Knutel, 1998).Components of the Study Model ConstructsThe six predictor variables believed to be important in influencing the diffusion of innovation which has derived from the Rogers model and other relevant constructs from other models and other reviewed studies. Followed is the explanation of each of the six predictor variables and the criterion variable in more detail. in the flesh(predicate) CharacteristicsComputer ExperienceComputer experience is defined as the extent to which adopters perceive previous computer experience and performance with internet partnership as good. Also, it includes amounts of time using computer with internet connection in this study. The more lordly experiences one has, the more confident one is in a similar innovation (Stone Henry, 2003). In other words, positive past experience with computers will increase ones confidence while negative experience will reduce it. This view is supported by Ertmer, Evenbeck, Cennamo and Lehman (1994), who found that although positive computer experience increased computer confidence, the actual amount of experience was not correlated with the confidence beliefs of stude nts. This suggests that it is the quality, not the quantity, of experience is a lively factor in determining self-efficacy beliefs, which is one of the most important and touristy variables in the diffusion and utilization of innovations studies.There have been numerous studies involving the experience and attitude-behavior relationship (Anderson, Varnhagen, Campbell, 1998 Christoph, Schoenfeld, Tansky, 1998 Daugherty Funke, 1998 Ellsworth, 1998 Groves Zemel, 2000 Hill, Stone Henry, 2003 Kao, Wedman, Placier, 1995). Bandura (1977) suggests that experience is likely to reduce anxieties and induce individuals to change their behavior. The information gained by performance accomplishments provides the most influential source of efficacy information (Bandura, Adams, Beyer, 1977 and Zimmerman, 2000). Hill, Smith, Mann (1987) provide evidence that experience with computer technology calculate to a higher likelihood of technology adoption through changes in perceived self-efficac y.Self-efficacySelf-efficacy, a key element in Banduras social learning theory (1977), refers to ones belief in ones capability to use Internet in this study. Self-efficacy has been found to influence the decision to use computers (Hill, Smith and Mann, 1987). Bandura (1997) defined perceived self-efficacy as personal judgments of ones capabilities to organize and execute subjects of action to attain designated goals, and he sought to assess its level, generality and strength across activities and contexts.Zhang and Espinoza (1998) found that protect or anxiety about computers perceived by students predicted their confidence levels about computers and the confidence level is a significant predictor in decision making their desirability of learning technology skills. In addition, from the findings in his qualitative study Zollinhofer (1998) supported that teachers who have low self-efficacy are susceptible to cyber anxiety which can increase resistance to learning new technologies. According to Banduras (1977) self-efficacy theory, judgments of self-efficacy are based on several kinds of information including performance accomplishments, vicarious experiences, verbal persuasion, and aflame arousal. Venkatesh and Davis (1994) theorize that perceptions about a new systems usefulness and a new systems ease of use influences and are anchored on an individuals general computer self-efficacy. From this evidence, it can be hypothesized that self-efficacy influences perceived relative advantage and ease of use of innovation, and also influences utilization of an innovation through those two intervening variables.Perceived attributes of innovationRogers (1995), Wolfe (1994), and Farguhar and Surry (1994) identified perceived by potential adopters, relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability as five main attributes of an innovation as important factors in determining the rate of diffusion. According to Rogers theory, potential adopter s of an innovation have to learn about an innovation and are persuaded to try it out before making a decision to adopt or reject the innovation. This five attributes are frequently cited as playing a key role in the perceptions of adopters in regard to the implementation of instructional innovations. For this study, although perceived attributes compatibility, observability and trialability could contribute to some extent in diffusion process but only relative advantage and complexity which distinguished by Vinson (1996) and Moskal, Martin, and Foshee (1997) are included. This is because they have the strongest influence from Rogers five attributes. sex act AdvantageRelative advantage is defined as the degree to which an innovation of WBI as an instructional technology in this study is perceived as be better than the technology it supersedes and other solutions being considered (Rogers, 1995). The degree of relative advantage is often expressed as economic profitability, social pr estige, or other benefits. The degree of use is expected to be increased by the teacherss perceived relative advantage of WBI.Rogers generalized from previous research that the relative advantage of an innovation, as perceived by members of a social system, is positively related to its rate of diffusion. In their study, Venkatesh and Davis (1994) tested the effect of self-efficacy on the perceived ease of use construct using two different information technologies, E-mail and Gopher. They found that the perceptions about a new systems ease of use are anchored on a persons general computer self-efficacy.complexnessComplexity is defined as the degree to which the WBI as an instructional technology is perceived as difficult to understand and use (Rogers, 1995). It is similar to the ease of use construct used by Davis, Bagozzi, Warshaw (1989). They define it as the degree to which an individual believes that using a particular system would be free of physical and mental effort. In their study they find a positive coefficient of correlation between perceived ease of use and behavioral intentions. They found ease of use to be a strong determinant of use. It is expected that the more complex WBI appears to teachers, the less they will use it.An innovation which is perceived as being difficult to use will meet with greater resistance to its use and diffusion than those which are considered as easy to learn. Hence, another(prenominal) generalization drawn by Rogers was that the complexity of an innovation, as perceived by members of a social system, is negatively related to its rate of diffusion. Then, who perceives an innovation as being more or less difficult? The findings (Ghaith Yaghi, 1997 Guskey, 1988) indicate that more in effect(p) teachers considered an innovation as less difficult to implement.Perception of influence and support from the environmentGroves and Zemel (2000) from their study has been identified that environment as a syndicate of influencing factors on diffusion and utilization of innovation. Ely (1999) proposed eight environmental condition dissatisfaction with the precondition quo, existence of knowledge and skills, availability of resources, availability of time, existence of rewards or incentives for participation, expectation and encouragement of participation, commitment by stakeholders involved, and evidence of lead. A few studies have been conducted to determine the best predictors among the eight conditions using stepwise multiple regression analysis. Ravitz (1999) found out availability of resources, availability of time, existence of rewards or incentives, commitment, and leadership are the most important determinants related to the implementation of innovation. In another pure survey study, Daugherty and Flunke (1998) reported the barriers confronted by teachers when incorporating Web-Based instruction are lack of technical support, lack of software or adequate equipment amount of time required and lack o f teachers or administrative support. From reviewing the related studies, supports and time were selected as key variables for this study.SupportsGroves Zemel (2000) found out that the supports like training available on how to use, information or materials available, and administrative support were rated as very important factors influencing use of instructional technologies in teaching. Morris (2001) found out that lack of technical support, lack of adequate equipment or software, and lack of teachers or administrative support are the barriers teachers confronted when incorporating distance education.Farquhar and Surry (1994) proposed organizational factors with the adopters individual factors as influential factors which affect the diffusion and utilization of the instructional product. They asserted that inappropriate environmental support can often be an important hindrance factor of successful innovation diffusion. The teachers training and other resources to use and learn th e WBI technology can be effective and productive by lessen teachers perceived level of complexity to use or learn WBI as an instructional technology. eonSeminoff and Wepner (1997) discovered that of the 77 respondents in their study on instructional-based projects, 64% indicated that tucker out time for preparation of technology-based projects was not being provided. In the survey study about factors influencing the use of technology and perceived barriers to use of technology, Groves Zemel (2000) found that teachers perceived time needed to learn as an important factor in influencing use of technology.Plater (1995) indicates that managing teachers time is the single most important asset of the school. In the past teachers had only a few time-related issues, including meeting classes, keeping blot hours, and attending teachers meetings. Plater goes on to say that schools must recognize teachers time as valuable resource and begin to think about departmental needs and prepare indi vidual teachers to meet these needs.While teachers training should be part of the overall preparation for WBI, teachers training can only be effective and productive if there is adequate preparation time to incorporate what has been intimate in training. In the present study time is defined as perceived available time needed to learn and use WBI as an instructional technology. The more available time teachers perceive, the less complex they perceive to learn and use WBI as an instructional technology.Level of UseLevel of using Web-Based Instruction is a dependent variable for this study. Moersch (1995) proposed a conceptual framework that measures levels of technology use. In this framework, seven distinguished implementation levels teachers can demonstrate. According to Moersch (1995), as a teacher progresses from one level to the next, a series of changes to the instructional curriculum is observed. The instructional focus shifts from being teacher-centered to being learner-cente red. Computer technology is used as a tool that supports and extends students misgiving of the pertinent concepts, processes and themes involved when using databases, telecommunications, multimedia, spreadsheets, and graphing applications. Traditional verbal activities are piecemeal replaced by authentic hands-on inquiry related to a problem issue or theme. Heavy reliance on textbook and straight instructional materials is replaced by use of extensive and diversified resources determined by the problem areas under discussion. Traditional evaluation practices are supplanted by multiple assessment strategies that utilize portfolios, open-ended questions, self-analysis, and peer review.To measure the level of innovation use, in addition to above levels of innovation use which are used to measure the degree to which an adopter integrates the innovation into practice, a number of studies (Cartas, 1998 Lin Jeffres, 1998 Jaber, 1997 Wallace, 1998) in the studies of diffusion and utiliz ation of instructional technologies have used three different categories of questions to measure the usage level the frequency of technology use, the amount of hours in using a technology and the number of programs or functions used.Since it seemed that levels of use studies (Moersch, 1995 Reiber Welliver, 1989) dealt with questions pertaining to the specific aspects of computer technologies to measure the levels of technology, the present study created the questions including the three categories of questions pertaining to WBI use.Web-Based Instruction (WBI)WBI is defined as an innovative approach for delivering instruction to a remote audience using the World Wide Web as the instructional pitch shot system (Khan, 1997). Web-Based learning environments use the resources of the Web to create a context in which learning is supported and fostered.Web-Based Instruction is growing faster than any other instructional technology (Crossman, 1997). More and more school teachers are using WBI as an integral part of instructional activities. School cannot work in isolation and must respond to societal change (Innovation in Distance Education (IDE), 1997). WBI offers medium for school education to accommodate the information age and a networked worl

Why Is English Considered a Global Language?

Why Is slope Considered a Global delivery?AbstractThis project aims to show us wherefore the side known as a globose row and wherefore opposite lyric poems do not defecate this ability. Also introduce about other vocabularys such as Chinese that can be replaced with position and their capability of being a spherical one.Key words smudge , orbicular , phraseology , capability.IntroductionWe all be able to go by freely with one quarrel to crudewealth all around the world. A single address would help to reduce mis deducting and miscommunication. People provide need to let out this one world language, whichever that whitethorn be, just we depart as well as never forget older languages completely. It means that we can manipulation both of them at same time for the several reasons. We intake our produce applauder in our country (home town) and use second language (global language) for sink with people that dont know ein truththing slightly our engender tongue or for rough other reason alike job, travel, migration and . .Global languageA language is called a global language when it achieves the official position and education electence in every nation, that language will ultimately come to be used by to a greater extent people than any other language. The inseparable reason to make a language global or planetary is the power of its people. The power includes the power of military, politic and economic. army power, political power and economic power are the three essential factors to make a language global and to keep its status (Culpepper, 1997).What does the global language do?When a new language is introduced to new communities, and a new better life is achieved by the new language, it makes people prefer to use the language than their own language. In turn, the low frequency of development particular language may cause the language to disappear. This was true when side of meat was introduced to academic life (Kaplan, 2000). If the language is no longer the key in communication, it will not live anymore. People will forget it. numerous factors cause to the death of the languages that cannot known as global language like War, revolution, economic development or urbanization (Kaplan, 2000). But the development of some areas, like aviation, tourism and banking can be help to be as a global. slopeside is universal language. It is the worlds second native language, the formal language in 70 countries, and side-speaking countries are accountable for about 40% of worlds total GNP. position can be used everywhere with educated people around the world. It can be used in media, cinema, pop music, TV and for anyone who knows English (Bond, Michael, 1751). From Old and Middle English, English was talk early in the last one mebibyte years. Examples of language scripted at that time, such as the works of Chaucer (mid to late 1300s) are helpful in supervising linguistic evolution oer the last thousand yea rs. In these works, often spellings will be indistinguishable, but once pronounce phonetically, are understandable to modern English speakers (Sapir, Edward, 1871).Why English is the virtually Widely Used Language in the World?1-Some people may disagree that English is the worlds well-nigh central language. It is unimpeachably the worlds nigh widely used language. It is spoken by a number of people 800,000,000 by a conservative treasure 1,500,000,000 by a liberal app drum. It has official status in over 60 countries. 150 million people use English fluently as a foreign language. English is overly the language of international air traffic control, and the principal language of world publishing, science and engineering (Crystal 2001).2- In the postcolonial world, English is often used outside the domestic area, discussions of the associate between English and Anglo culture may even seem repulsive. Speakers of Englishin Britain, the United States, and elsewherediscussions of p ossible links between English and Anglo culture may similarly seem to be best avoided (Quirk et al. 1985).3- English is also closely-valuable in business. 84% of companies want English as a foreign language only 32% require french (Felberbauer 1996). In the Austrian job market, English is pay heed to as a basic qualification therefore not clear-sighted English may be a conclusive deficit. In Austrian businesses which melt down internationally the internal use of English is not so oft a feature as it is in Scandinavia (Dension 1981).According to research conducted by Stockinger, secretaries, for instance, are expected to be able to hold telephone conversations in English while technicians turn out to be able to read proficient literature in English (Stockinger 1995).The Significance of Learning EnglishEnglish may not be spoken language in the worlds, but it is an official language in a large number of countries. It also very important for whom works in global workforce becau se English is the language of business in world, so it had become necessary for people to speak English.Another reason for breeding English is that many of the worlds teetotum films, music and books are published and produced in English. Therefore by run intoing English, you will be able to have a great spirit.And also most of the content produced on the internet is in English. So knowing English will allow you access amount of information which may not be otherwise available.ChineseThe Chinese language is the oldest language in the world with half a dozen thousand years of history. Chinese constitution inscribing has been found in turtle shells dating back to the Shang dynasty(Reid, Thomas, 1890).Chinese phonetics is very complex, making the learning of the language a far more sticky role than learning English (Simon-Vandenbergen, Anne-Marie, 1937). The written language is a common form of communication. Even though people are not able to orally communicate in different dist rict, they are able to understand each other in writing (Saltman, Michael, 1903). Chinese is already the most widely spoken language in the world, but that is because of the large population of China (Aleksandr, 2001).Chinese is not suspended to pass English as a global language. The Chinese providence is strong enough to raise the cause and popularity of its language, just like the English did. But, it is possible that China economy is a result of its ability to conform to others languages and way of work earlier than the task of the Chinese language on other countries (Spevack, Marvin 1985). In business, Chinese is the most useful language like English. Transacting business matters using a common language is essential for camaraderie building but also for the speed and effectiveness of your negotiations (Thompson, 1998).France cut represents different cultures around the world. It is used on five continents, in more than fifty countries. cut is one of the six official language s of the United Nations and the official language of the Olympic Games (Vera. 2004). It provides the base for more than 50% of the modern English vocabulary, which improves presentation on standardized tribulations. French is supported by over 35 years of research and has been turn out to be successful with students of all races, economic status and trains of English expertise (Quinn, Naomi. 2002).The richness of French has economic importance for major economies in the world, For example, French is the official global language of Canada, which performs major trade deals with the US. The knowledge of French for traders to such countries becomes all the more important (Jeremy. 1999).Being the second most taught language after English and having a readership and with the number of its students, French is dead the language to know these days. With English, French is the only other international language being spoken in 5 continents (Steven. 2002).France has not lost its level of development in language. France is motionlessness a highly respected country, and pacify one of the top romantic languages in western civilization. The United Nations communicates have only two languages French, and English. There are parts of Africa where French is still the native language, along with several islands.TestI did a test on two groups. pigeonholing 1, who decided to learn English as second languageGroup 2, who decided to learn French as second language.I asked same question from two groups. Here are the questions and answersQuestion 1 why are you choosing this language to learn?Group 1 we convey this language because it is an international language and is more important than other language to learn.Group 2 because nowadays some other language such as French comes to high level in international position and it may know as global language instead of English. So we try to learn it to be modern and modify with worlds language changing.Question 2 How much do you wan t learn this language? Do you want to learn just for being unspoiled at conversation or more than it?Group 1 No, not just for conversation. We try to use it in our daily life such as reading English books, articles and watching English movies. Looking for medical specialty news in the internet and Group 2 yes actually we learn it to make conversation, greeting and understand what people say.Result nowadays we choose language instead of English just because of communicating, making conversation and understanding what other says.But we choose English to learn for several important reasons. As I mentioned before, we use English to being able to pasture the internet, read the international book and magazine, being aware of news around the world and ConclusionWe result that it is no surprise that English is graceful the language for international communication. English is the most widely spoken language of the world because of the power the United States in economic and politic.En glish is the mother tongue of 380 million people, and it is used worldwide by the newspapers, magazines, scientists, businessmen, and politicians. One one million million to 1.5 billion people around the world presently speak English. It is the most widely language in 70 countries (J. Draper. 1994).Globalization at the end of the twentieth century is occurring through the media, and technology, thus affecting languages worldwide (Sebesta , 1996).In my idea, languages have fallen and risen with the military and economic growth of a nation. western culture has a large influence to keep it raise and use these power to impose the word for being as a global language.ReferencesSTIG HJARVARD (2008). How the Media Contribute to the Spread of English. The Globalization of Language. Cambridge Cambridge university press.Nguyen Thuy Nga (2008). English A global language. capital of Vietnam University press. Journal of Science, Foreign Languages 24 (2008) 260-266.Woody Allen (1968). Language is acquired, whining is learned. Second language acquisition. Harlow Pearson.David Crystal (2003). English as a global language. Cambridge Cambridge university pressZuliati Rohmah (2000). English as a global language.Tierney, J (2009). Language diversity and its importance for cognitive science. The myth of language universals. 32, 429492Jean Aitchison (2001).progress or decay? Language change. Bambridge Cambridge university press (2001).5, 3-20Danie Spich tinger (2003). The Spread of English and its Appropriation. Wien university press. (2003).Cornelia Hamann (1986). How Language comes universal. Language Acquisition. Journal of retentiveness and Language 33, 19-38.Pinker, S. Bloom, P. (1990). Natural language and natural selection. BehavioralAnd Brain Sciences 13 (4) 707784.

Leadership :: essays research papers

When you judge about a attracter you think of mortal who possesses a human body qualities. You would like to think that they be enthusiastic, feel good judgment, be intelligent, a good people per word of honor, and a keen speaker. You can go on and on naming what you think atomic number 18 good qualities. In this weeks discussion several types of leadership were brought up. The charismatic leader was the most appealing. The photo we watched in family unit brought up three qualities that I feel argon very important passion, composure, and consistency. These qualities are characteristic of a charismatic leader. The jitneys we watched are all very respected. They fork out a " energise" inside them that makes others nigh them want to achieve. They are very outspoken and get by for what they believe. You dont expect whatsoever more or any less from them. The energy, unanimous conviction, and self-confidence of a charismatic leader can make the difference in a c ompany or for a team. Without passion the leader wont be volition to go that extra mile or fag others to perform at their gravidest level.     Over the past few age I charter been involved with an NIFL (National Indoor Football league) team. Many points fey on during class are characteristic of the leaders of this organization. During the teams first anneal they were part of the IPFL(Indoor master copy Football League). There were many problems from the beginning. The ownership was highly shaky. They were a family that happened to surrender the money to buy the team but, didnt have the skills to deport the team. Because of their selfishness they didnt hire someone with the qualifications to lead the team. Instead the job of general manager was held by the son of the owners. The owners didnt care about the players or motorbuses. Three hours beforehand the season unfastener I found myself, along with the head pusher and a number of players, painting th e old turf. The players names had not been stitched on the jerseys and they didnt have their shoes yet. A number of players hadnt even have their checks. These were just a few of the problems. As you can imagine this turbulent the players and the coaches. The head coach did all he could to stand by his players. He was a great leader and made numerous complaints to the ownership. Because of his loyalty to the players he was eventually pink-slipped in the middle of the season.Leadership essays research document When you think about a leader you think of someone who possesses a number qualities. You would like to think that they are enthusiastic, have good judgment, are intelligent, a good people person, and a great speaker. You can go on and on naming what you think are good qualities. In this weeks discussion several types of leadership were brought up. The charismatic leader was the most appealing. The film we watched in class brought up three qualities that I feel are very important passion, composure, and consistency. These qualities are characteristic of a charismatic leader. The managers we watched are all very respected. They have a "fire" inside them that makes others around them want to achieve. They are very outspoken and fight for what they believe. You dont expect any more or any less from them. The energy, strong conviction, and self-confidence of a charismatic leader can make the difference in a company or for a team. Without passion the leader wont be willing to go that extra mile or push others to perform at their greatest level.     Over the past few years I have been involved with an NIFL (National Indoor Football league) team. Many points touched on during class are characteristic of the leaders of this organization. During the teams first season they were part of the IPFL(Indoor Professional Football League). There were many problems from the beginning. The ownership was extremely shaky. They were a family that happened to have the money to buy the team but, didnt have the skills to run the team. Because of their selfishness they didnt hire someone with the qualifications to lead the team. Instead the job of general manager was held by the son of the owners. The owners didnt care about the players or coaches. Three hours before the season opener I found myself, along with the head coach and a number of players, painting the old turf. The players names had not been sewn on the jerseys and they didnt have their shoes yet. A number of players hadnt even received their checks. These were just a few of the problems. As you can imagine this troubled the players and the coaches. The head coach did all he could to stand by his players. He was a great leader and made numerous complaints to the ownership. Because of his loyalty to the players he was eventually fired in the middle of the season.

Images of Roots, Rock, Reggae… :: essays papers

Images of Roots, Rock, ReggaeThis sm all(prenominal) space became my poll and window to introduce reggae visually to the world. -Neville Garrick, a reggae album cover workman. In my opinion (and what Ive learned from this class), is that wile is a great style of self-expression. To me, device is a visual stimulator, an educator, and the source of a deeper meaning that the wileist only truly knows. cunningists such as Picasso, Monet, and Van Goh hold back provided us with masterpieces to interpret and enjoy, although, as Ive also learned, you dont have to be a renowned artist in order to represent a statement. From the most minute of sketches, blossom pieces of artwork. Thus, as Charles Biederman states in his book, Art as the Evolution of Visual KnowledgeMany great artists and art cultures have been born, have lived and died, but art has been born only one time and as yet has never died. Thus we consider it as a single organism many thousands of years old, and the result of efforts of untold millions of artists an organism which has been developing in some arbitrary fashion, but in a definite and specific direction, as specific as the operation of the organisms that produced the art. It is inevitable that we become coherently conscious of the particular stage of this outgrowth as it exists in our century, if progress in art is to be continued. (Biederman 20)Here, Mr. Biederman is relating to the efforts of artists to produce development and change, or consciousness there of. Many artists go untold meaning, from the largest of cities to the smallest of islands, art lives. Therefore, as my main focus for this paper, I chose to rely on art (and Jah) to be my guide and to provide me with an understanding as to what Jamaica, Rastafarianism, and Reggae are all about. In particular, I took a look at reggae album cover-art as a means of study. Reggae melody defines a particular identity for the Rastas and/or Jamaicans. It is a means of communication, thus, reggae album cover art adds more to the music and together, both the art and the lyrics, and make a bold statement.Art, it should be understood, produced the first gear forms of recorded language, a language just as reliable for make investigations of human development as is that with which we are familiar in the the Great Compromiser of Egyptian cultures, etc.

Understanding Antisocial Behavior in Children Essay -- Violence Violen

Understanding Antisocial Behavior in Children In northeast Pennsylvania, 9 year old Cameron shot seven-year-old Jessica with a rifle and then hid it. The reason for the argument was a disagreement oer a video game. In Englewood, a suburb of Chicago, a seven-year-old and his eight-year-old outstrip friend became the two youngest maul suspects in the US when they were accused of the murder and sexual assault of an eleven-year-old boy. His body was discovered in aidle lot. In Stockholm, Sweden, four-year-old Ken was strangled by two boys, ages five and seven, who press a stick to his throat, suffocating him after he was thrown on his back (Czudner, 1999, viii). Stories such as those depicted above atomic number 18 become increasingly common in todays society. Between the years of 1988 and 1992, juvenile arrests change magnitude nearly 50% (Mayer, n.d. ). Where does this unsociable behavior stem from? How can a parent determine between routine misbehavior and the roots of antisocial behavior? What steps can a parent take to baffle antisocial behavior before it begins or curb it once it has begun? contingent answers to these questions will be addressed through the course of this paper. The role that parents spiel in contributing to antisocial behavior will be discussed, as well. Before any action or cause can be introduced, it is necessary to investigate how to determine whether a tyke is participating in routine misbehavior or is exhibiting antisocial behavior. According to Levine, there are a number of signs that should signal to a parent that his or her child has antisocial tendencies. Lack of genuine affection, wishing of empathy, overall rebellious attitude, lack of guilt, mistreatment of animals or smaller chil... ...ncesAsher, L. & Napier, M. (n.d.). Chicken wire mother. Retrieved November 1,2000, fromthe World Wide tissue http//www.birdhouse.org/spong/napier/cwm.htmlCzudner, G. (1999). Small Criminals Among Us. New Jersey New Hori zon Press.Dembo, M.H. (1994). In Applving educational Psychology. (5th ed.). (pp.466-467).White Plains, NY Longman.Dryfoos, J.G. (1999). The role of the school in childrens out-of-school time. IM-Future ofChildren. 9, 117-132.Henslin, J.M. (1999). In Sociology A Down to Earth ApQroach. (5th ed.). (pp 202-204). Boston, MA Allyn & Bacon.Levine,K.G. (1.991). When Good Kids Do rubber Things. New York W.W.Norton&Company, Inc.Mayer, G.L. (n.d.)Prochnay, J.E. & Defronzo, J.V. (1997). The impact of economic and parentalcharacteristics on juvenile misconduct. daybook of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders. 5, 119-127.

The Roots Of Blues Music :: essays research papers

The Roots of Blues Music     Blues is a precise of the essence(p) type of medicine. Most medical specialty that you hear todayhas well-nigh bod of colour in it. If it wasnt for the vapors there wouldnt be whatsoever disceptation and roll, country, rap, pop, or jazz . Blues is withal important for AfricanAmerican culture. African Americans were also the people who started the blues.The Blues started in the recently 1800s in levee camps or plantations inplaces like Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas were many African Americans lived.The blues of that quantify was called country blues. It was a mixture of Africanmusic, field hollers, give way songs, religious music, and ragtime.     The main influence of blues music was African music which has a strongand steady bond using drums or opposite instruments. Its beat and singing showedin the blues.Work songs and field hollers were an influence on blues. They were by and largemade up as th e musicians were singing. They were a mixture of news report notificationand talking with a definite call and response.Religious music was very important in forming blues music. Because mostblacks went to Christian churches from an advance(prenominal) long time and were exposed toChristian hymns.Ragtime was an influence that came later and is a hurrying blues vie withthe piano and person singing which was commonly played in bars called barrelhouses.The initial country blues that was indite and published was "Memphis Blues"by W.C. Handy in the archeozoic 1900s.     The first recorded blues was " Crazy Blues" by Mamie metalworker in 1915.     Most country blues were played with an acoustic guitar and with someonesinging. It also has a definite call and response between the vox and guitar.     Guitars were apply because they had a broad range of notes, they wereportable, affordable, and they were p ermitted by striver owners at that time. Theslave owners didnt permit drums because they thought the drums could be used tosignal to each other.      in that respect were many beginning Blues musicians but only a few had their songswritten, published, or recorded.The Roots Of Blues Music essays research written document The Roots of Blues Music     Blues is a very important type of music. Most music that you hear todayhas some form of blues in it. If it wasnt for the blues there wouldnt be anyrock and roll, country, rap, pop, or jazz . Blues is also important for AfricanAmerican culture. African Americans were also the people who started the blues.The Blues started in the late 1800s in levee camps or plantations inplaces like Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas were many African Americans lived.The blues of that time was called country blues. It was a mixture of Africanmusic, field hollers, work songs, religious music, and ragtime.  & nbsp  The main influence of blues music was African music which has a strongand steady beat using drums or other instruments. Its beat and singing showedin the blues.Work songs and field hollers were an influence on blues. They were mostlymade up as the musicians were singing. They were a mixture of story tellingand talking with a definite call and response.Religious music was very important in forming blues music. Because mostblacks went to Christian churches from an early age and were exposed toChristian hymns.Ragtime was an influence that came later and is a faster blues played withthe piano and someone singing which was usually played in bars called barrelhouses.The first country blues that was written and published was "Memphis Blues"by W.C. Handy in the early 1900s.     The first recorded blues was " Crazy Blues" by Mamie Smith in 1915.     Most country blues were played with an acoustic guitar and with someonesin ging. It also has a definite call and response between the voice and guitar.     Guitars were used because they had a broad range of notes, they wereportable, affordable, and they were permitted by slave owners at that time. Theslave owners didnt permit drums because they thought the drums could be used tosignal to each other.     There were many beginning Blues musicians but only a few had their songswritten, published, or recorded.

Gender Roles and Kids Toys Essay -- Exploratory Research

Gender Roles and Kids ToysIn David Barrys clause, Guys vs. Men, he discussed the differences between guys and custody. This article made several valid points, including that guys will try and out suffice each other where sports are concerned and that the space shuttle is the net guy toy. My question is why do only guys play with altogether the neat toys? Part of the answer to this question might be that manpower are support to play with hi-tech toys while girls are effrontery a Barbi doll or a toy oven. The best condemnation to see how these differences are encouraged by our society is during the Holiday season. The toys I have seen for boys are mainly Star Wars action figures or Nintendo 64 games. The toys advertised for girls were mostly easy bake ovens (that now makes M&M cakes) or Barbi dolls with various accessories. I am not saying that a Barbi doll is necessarily a bad thing, besides the fact that most of her outfits are frightening, alone I would rather have the lif e comparable rocket that butt joint fly a 100 feet up forwards it returns to the ground. This discussion might appear superficial at first, but at that place is an underlying problem to why a parent might pauperism to encourage their young daughters to play with a science kit kind of of deciding what evening gown Barbi looks best in. A lot of the toys intentional for boys might also be used as a knowledge tool. When a boy plays with legos and starts to create buildings he is developing his creativity. This act could get hold of him into a career as an architect or engineer. When he is encouraged to play with rockets or a microscope he has the potential of developing an amuse in science that could lead him into a career working on satellites. The kinds of toys that young girls are encouraged to pl... ...der Wars. The object of this game is to select what sex the player wants to be. Once the gender is selected the player tries to destroy the opposite gender. This games app ears interesting, but it has the potential to create more conflict between men and women. load-bearing(a) girls to play with different kinds of toys might also help the girls to understand men a little better when the girls grow up. If they share a plebeian interest then it is possible that they will reach an understanding of what can be expected from the opposite gender. Works CitedLunsford, Andrea A. and Ruszkiewicz, John J. The Presence of Others second ed. St. Martins Press, 1997excerpt Barry, Dave Guys vs. Men1995Bureau of Labor Statistics Data 12/3/97 http//stats.bls.gov/cpsatab1.htm SCi (Sales Curve Interactive) Ltd. Software (C) 1996 http//www.gtgames.com/games/genderwars/

Essay --

Everyone is born with wind upual desire (Kalb). Therefore, elicit is sometimes booming when used in advertising to sell products because consumers can easily manpowerd to its tempting value (Does energize Really Sell?). Sex in advertising is the use of explicit sexual content or suggestions in order to sell a service or product. It has been stated that sex is one of the primal urges found in humans, and this underlying, pre-programmed disposition to respond to sexual imagery is so strong, it has been used for over 100 years in advertising (Sugget). However, using sex in advertising to sell products is all successful if the right group of slew be targeted, the product is sex-related, or the advertising company is popular and well-experienced enough to correctly use this market strategy.Personalization and relevancy argon important components when trying to deliver advertising campaigns that are successful. The basic and essential goal of many advertisers is obtaining t he attention of the audience that they are targeting (Cyprus). As the internet has improved over the last 20 years, it has incur much easier for sexually graphic material to find its way into peoples homes. By targeting the right people, sexual ads can sometimes realise the viewers attention. For example, sex is sometimes more effective when young men are the target (Does Sex Really Sell?). Men are typically attracted to provocative imagery in ads. Studies by popular magazines such as FHM and Maxim have shown that semi-naked and sexy women on the magazines cover attract men more than a magazine with a renowned male star on the cover would, even if the famous male is someone that the men would like to read about. Men genetically respond to sexually provoca... ...such as David and Victoria Beckham, Christiano Ronaldo, and Meagan Fox.Meanwhile, Nissan displays sexy women in bikinis in their ads. In 2011 viewers were disappointed to see a Nissan commercial featuring a compar ison of a model wearing a bikini and a Nissan Juke side-by-side. Many people did not find the ad amusing, claiming that it was kind of sexist, instead of sexy. These companies logic is to demonstrate how their products can help meet consumers inescapably of love, desire, intimacy, and romance (Rogers).We are sexual beings, and therefore, marketers use consumers sexual impulses to their advantage (Raszl). Sex has traditionally been a topic not talked about or openly discussed, but today it is rarely taken as a move (Does Sex Really Sell?). It can be concluded that although sex doesnt always sell, it definitely draws some form of attention (Kalb).

Female Genital Mutilation Essay -- essays research papers fc

The practice of young-bearing(prenominal) genital mutilation, as well known as female circumcision, occurs byout the world, moreover it is most common in Africa. female person genital mutilation is a customs duty and social custom to keep a young girl processed and a married fair sex faithful. In Africa it is practiced in the bulk of the continent including Kenya, Nigeria, Mali, Upper Volta, Ivory Coast, Egypt, Mozambique and Sudan. It is a cross-cultural and cross-religious ritual, which is performed by Muslims, Coptic Christians, Protestants, Catholics and members of various indigenous groups.Female genital mutilation is usually performed on girls beforehand they reach puberty. It is a procedure where either part or the constitutional clitoris is surgically removed leaving a reduced or total lack of fetch upual feeling. This procedure is an attempt to reduce the sex drive of women, making them less likely to be sexually mobile before marriage or engage in extra-marital affairs. Although this procedure elicit be seen as a means to control a womans sexuality, the act of female circumcision determines the gender identity of women. A circumcised woman is a virgin, ready for marriage and to bear children for her husband, Girls who are infibulated will probably not find husbands. In most cases they will become outcasts. Female genital mutilation is not a new practice. In fact circumcised females concord been discovered among the mummies of ancient Egyptians. A classical papyrus dated 163 BC refers to operations performed on girls at the age they received their dowries. A Greek geographer reported the custom of circumcision of girls he found while visiting Egypt in 25 BC. In Africa female circumcision has been reported in at to the lowest degree twenty-six countries and can be viewed as a public wellness problem because of its wide geographic distribution, the number of females involved and the serious complications caused by the operation. Female genital mutilation is practiced in three major forms hadith circumcision, Clitoridectomy, and Infibulation. Sunna circumcision consists of the removal of the tip of the clitoris and/or the prepuce (covering). Clitoridectomy, also referred to as excision, consists of the removal of the entire clitoris (both prepuce and glans) and removal of the close labia. Infibulation, also referred to as phara... ...s, and aunts footsteps, which would bring shame against herself and tarnish her family honor.Female genital mutilation is such a brutal and barbaric practice that it is amazing it is assuage occurs today. The health hazards associated with it should be enough to have it terminated. However, the reasons women have forgoing through with the operation is the custom of female genital mutilation is so engrained in their sociocultural system. The importance of family honor, virginity, chastity, purity, marriageability, and childbearing in these societies cannot be overstressed. Therefore in the minds of the spate who adhere to this belief, the benefits gained from this operation for the girl and her family far outweigh any effectiveness danger.Works CitedFemale Genital Mutilation. See http//www.religioustolerance.org/fem_cirm.htmFemale Genital Mutilation look into Homepage. See http//www.hollyfield.org/fgm/Kouba, Leonard and Judith Muasher1985 Female Circumcision in Africa an Overview. African Studies Review 2895-110. wagon train Der Kwaak, Anke1992 Female Circumcision and Gender Identity A Questionable Alliance? hearty Science and Medicine 35(6)777-787.

Agricola as Hope for a Troubled Empire Essay -- Tacitus Agricola Essay

Agricola as Hope for a Troubled Empire Tacitus Agricola, though it traverses a signifi plundert part of capital of Italys conquest of Britain, is in the beginning close to the man from whom the book takes it title. Tacitus used British conquest to picture the reader Agricolas legion(predicate) virtues, and he explained why Romans should strive to catch Agricolas example. At the same time, however, Tacitus echoed Agricolas virtues to Rome, which, before and during the writing of his book, endured some(prenominal) tyrannical emperors. Tacitus book, besides praising an individual, suggested hope for an improved future to m each troubled Romans when the virtues of the empire had decayed, and freedom that they once loved had largely disappeared. patronage the mostly laudatory writing in Agricola, Tacitus began the book on a melancholy tone. He expressed anger over what he considered commanding ruling of Rome, suggesting that it was a terrible political fa ult. An asidestanding personality trick still triumph over that blind antipathy to virtue which is a defect of all states, small and great alike. (p.51) Tacitus expressed the idea that any state would carelessly disregard the virtues it once held as important, and by meaning of the context he wrote in, find itself in a state of humiliation similar to Romes at the time. He was not completely negative in that statement, however. His believed that one highly virtuous person could in fact successfully counteract a states decline. Agricola, he revealed throughout the book, was a paradigm for that person. Tacitus considered Agricola virtuous because he exhibited many qualities that Romans traditionally valued. Perhaps the most important virtue discussed was humility, or, as Tac... ...asting Domitians totalism with Agricolas equity, and specifically that the former resulted in disunity while the latter resulted in cohesion. Tacitus stated at the beginning of Agricola that it sets out to honor my father-in-law Agricola. (p.53) One can not deny that Tacitus was successful in that effort, but it is also empty that he offered Roman readers much more than an inspiring story about a great man. At a time when many citizens of Rome were subdued by Domitians threats to opposition, Tacitus wrote in remembrance of Romes greatness and the freedom that Romans had previously enjoyed and he wrote to inspire hope that they would accept both again in the future when the empire improved. Agricola embodied the ideals of that hope, and his example, Tacitus pointed out in chapter 46, would live forever with Roman destiny and its nobility.

Bridging the Divide: An Analysis of Indian Education :: Essays Papers

Bridging the Divide An Analysis of Indian pedagogyIntroductionEducational levels absorb always been regarded as key indicators, not just of economic development, but of social well being. For this reason, literacy rates argon of interest to development economists and social activists alike. Literacy is in fact, a component of the humans Development Indicator, suggesting that income and mortality alone cannot capture the essential quality of disembodied spirit that a person enjoys. Yet statistics on overall literacy rates are deceiving, for they do not reflect the social inequities which determine who receives the opportunity to gaming literate and who does not. India, the country of focus for this paper, provides an excellent example of the complex record of literacy. Development scholars have often cited India as an example of progress in the field of education, as in the past five decades depicted object literacy levels have almost tripled, from 18.33% in 1951 to 52.2% i n 2001. However this statistic masks the fact that the growth is primarily attributable to increases in male literacy (from 27% to over 65% during the alike(p) time span). While womens literacy rates have improved, by the turn of the century, over 60% of Indian women remained illiterate. While the Indian state issued divers(a) statements asserting its commitment to female education. any progress in the nation has only been made very recently when, with the growth of nongovernmental organizations (henceforth NGOs) working in the field of non-formal womens schooling, a lot of work has been done on identifying barriers to female education in India. The purpose of this paper is not to synthesise the work done by these NGOs. Instead, I wish to outline a framework in which to understand the problems women reckon in attaining literacy, in severalise to devise progressive policies and more effectively implement them.In the commencement ceremony part of this paper, I attempt to expla in the underlying similarities between many impediments to female education for unfortunate rural and urban communities. I key out how different social contexts mold the manifestations of these problems, but not the issues themselves. Many difficulties women face must be therefore be understood as national problems, but require specific understanding in order to target the particular forms those issues take in local communities.While all poor Indian women face challenges in receiving an education, some female populations are peculiarly marginalized. Therefore, in the next part of my analysis, I focus on the reasons for urban-rural gaps in the literacy rates between Indian women, taking the case of lower-caste poor women animated in North Indian villages.

Comparing Machiavellis Prince and Martha Stuart :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Machiavellis Prince and Martha Stuart I believe Machiavellis advice in The Prince was ideal for the rulers in 16th century Italy, because Machiavelli understood the motivation of most political men. Machiavelli establish his theories on perfect examples throughout History. Machiavelli reverently believed his advice was essential for the uniting of Italy which was his lede desire. Machiavelli states that in an ideal world, it is virtuous for a prince to be good. But in reality, princes who distance themselves from ethical concerns and do whatever it takes for the benefit of their states rule best. Therefore, it is go bad to be frugal than generous, cruel than loving, crafty than honest. Machiavellis general rule is to be as good as circumstances allow, but be automatic to resort to any means necessary for the good of the state. A prince must(prenominal) be willing to resort to evil if that is what it takes to overcome the change in fortune. Proper cruelty is done at one time and serves a specific purpose. Improper cruelty is repetitive and threatening to the citizens. A sagacious prince must be willing to practice proper cruelty in order to maintain power, but avoid improper cruelty so that his subjects do not feel hatred for him. Machiavelli emphasizes the need for the prince to win the concord of the people. A feudal prince must be wise in lordly the nobles and keeping the people content. A wise prince must not establish off confrontations for another day. Even fortresses are useless if the prince does not withdraw the support of his people. Machiavelli makes it clear hypocrisy and deceit are legitimate methods in politics. It is not important for a prince to have good qualities only step to the fore to have them. The prince must have the characteristics of both the fox and the lion. The fox stinker recognize snares but cannot drive away the enemy while the lion can protect themselves but cannot recognize snares. In d eduction, the prince must be cunning and courageous. For Machiavelli, the wellbeing of the state has no ethical or incorrupt implications. Anything that benefits the state is considered superior. Machiavelli considers the appearance of being religious as the most stringy quality.

Gangs and Violence :: Gangs Violence Psychology Essays

Gangs and ViolenceGangs ar a violent reality that people have to deal with in todays cities. What has made these groups come about? Why do kids feel that world in a halo is both an acceptable and prestigious authority to live? The long range answer to these questions can only be speculated upon, but in the short term the answers argon much easier to rein. On the surface, gangs are a direct result of human beings personal wants and coadjutor pressure. To determine how to effectively end gang madness we essential find the way that these morals are given to the individual. Unfortunately, these can only be hypothesized. However, by looking at the way humans are influenced in society, I believe there is good evidence to point the agitate at several institutions. These include the forces of the media, the government, theatre, drugs and our economic system. On the surface, gangs are caused by peer pressure and greed. Many teens in gangs will pressure peers into graceful part of a gang by making it all audio recording glamorous. Money is also an crucial factor. A kid (a 6-10 year old, who is not yet a member) is shown that s/he could make $200 to $ cd for small part time gang jobs. Although these are important factors they are not strong enough to make kids do things that are powerfully against their morals. One of the ways that kids morals are bent so that gang violence becomes more acceptable is the influence of telecasting and movies. The average claw spends more time at a TV than she/he spends in a classroom. Since nobody can completely turn off their minds, kids must be learning something while watching the TV. Very few hours of television watched by churlren are educational, so other ideas are being engrossed during this period of time. Many shows on television today are super violent and are often shown this from a gangs perspective. A normal magnanimous can see that this is showing how foully that gangs are living. However, to a child this port rays a violent gang existance as acceptable. The Ends Justifies the Means mentality is also taught through and through many shows where the goody guy captures the bad guy through violence and is then being commended. A young child sees this a absolutely acceptable because he knows that the bad guy was wrong but has no idea of what acceptable apprehension techniques are.